Osmerus dentex Steindachner & Kner, 1870
Pacific rainbow smelt
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Osmerus dentex AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Osmerus dentex
Photo von Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish.
Bilder | Google Bild
Photo von Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish.
Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Osmeriformes (Freshwater smelts) > Osmeridae (Smelts)
Etymology: Osmerus: Greek, osme = odorous; similar to freshly cut cucumbers (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Steindachner & Kner.
Etymology: Osmerus: Greek, osme = odorous; similar to freshly cut cucumbers (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Steindachner & Kner.
Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet Ökologie
seewasser; süßwasser; brackwasser pelagic-neritic; anadrom (Ref. 138124); tiefenbereich 0 - 290 m (Ref. 50550). Polar; 77°N - 39°N, 35°E - 123°W
Verbreitung Territorien | FAO Gebiete | Ökosysteme | Vorkommen | Punkt Karte | Einführungen | Faunafri
North Pacific and Arctic: Wonsan, North Korea and the Sea of Okhotsk to Barkley Sound, British Columbia, north to the Bering Sea and the Arctic (Ref. 6793). Estuaries and coastal waters of European and Siberian shores of Arctic ocean from White Sea to Chukota in eastern Siberia (Ref. 59043).
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm 15.0, range 14 - 16 cm
Max length : 34.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 59043); common length : 14.9 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 12193); max. veröff. Gewicht: 119.00 g (Ref. 56483); max. veröff. Alter: 11 Jahre (Ref. 59043)
Max length : 34.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 59043); common length : 14.9 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 12193); max. veröff. Gewicht: 119.00 g (Ref. 56483); max. veröff. Alter: 11 Jahre (Ref. 59043)
Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 8 - 11; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 12 - 16; Wirbelzahl: 63 - 68. Adipose small, sickle shaped (Ref. 6885). Olive green above, shading to silvery below, a bright clearly bounded longitudinal silvery band, becoming dark in preserved specimens; speckled with black on top of head, chin and upper part of body, more plentifully along mid-dorsal line (Ref. 6885).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: compressed.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: compressed.
Inhabits brackish water of estuaries, lagoons, coastal shallows and bays, and fresh water in lowland and piedmont rivers (Ref. 59043). A schooling species that inhabits lakes or inshore coastal waters (Ref. 1998). Pelagic at the sea where it occurs at 4-8 m depth (Ref. 59043). In the spring, it leaves the sea or the lake and ascends freshwater streams to spawn. Some remain in fresh water throughout their lives (Ref. 1998); those that enter the sea stay within 8 to 10 km of the shore and probably do not stray far along the coast from the estuary (Ref. 28996). Spawns in rapids, in clear water, over stone-gravel bottom and at depth of 0.2-0.5 m (Ref. 59043). Possibly found up to 425 m depth (Ref. 6793). Young-of-the-year feed mostly on copepods and cladocerans, also rotifers, eggs and algae; adults feed on small crustaceans, fishes and shellfish, also squid, worms, and various insects (Ref. 27547). Feeding virtually ceases during spawning (Ref. 27547). Females grow faster, get bigger and live longer than males (Ref. 27547). Highly esteemed as a food fish ever since white men came to North America (Ref. 27547). Flesh is firm and tasty (Ref. 27547).
Lebenszyklus und Paarungsverhalten Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fruchtbarkeit | Larven
Rainbow smelt usually return to natal streams to spawn but degree of homing varies from one population to another and may be genetically controlled (Ref. 11226, 30367). Movement into the streams begins when water temperatures reach 2° to 4°C or higher. The upstream run is generally short, at most a few km (Ref. 11226, 28996). Movement to spawning grounds are usually made at night. Males reach spawning grounds an hour or so before the females. Spawning is initiated, at least in part, by the presence of the proper sex ratio in the group, which has been indicated to be no more than four males to one female (Ref. 30366, 30374). The spawning group crowd together and move upstream. Body contact between a male and female brings about a release of sperm and eggs. Only a few eggs are extruded at each spawning act (Ref. 30366), so that the act is repeated over several hours each night for several nights until all eggs are extruded. After each evening's activities, most drift downstream to the larger body of water whence they came to the spawning grounds. Some, mostly males, may remain in the spawning stream during the day. Many spawned-out fish, especially males, die after spawning, but those that survive will spawn again the following year (Ref. 27547). Lake shore spawners on the other hand move inshore in small schools and swim about over rather restricted areas, apparently without any distinct pairing. The composition of the schools change constantly, for individual fish apparently engage in spawning activities for only 15 to 30 minutes at a time, then leave the school (Ref. 30374, 30376).
Hauptreferenz
Laden Sie Ihre Referenzen hoch | Referenzen | Koordinator | Partner
Mecklenburg, K.C., P.R. Møller and D. Steinke, 2011. Biodiversity of the Arctic marine fishes: taxonomy and zoogeography. Marine Biodiversity 41(1):109-140. (Ref. 86838)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 April 2022
CITES
Not Evaluated
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
Mehr Information
Trophische Ökologie
Lebensmittel (Beutetiere)
Nahrungszusammensetzung
Nahrungsaufnahme
Lebensmittelrationen
Räuber
Lebensmittel (Beutetiere)
Nahrungszusammensetzung
Nahrungsaufnahme
Lebensmittelrationen
Räuber
Populationsdynamik
Wachstumsparameter
Max. Alter/Größen
Länge-Gewicht-Rel.
Länge-Länge-Verhältnis.
Längenhäufigkeiten
Massenkonvertierung
Rekrutierung
Dichte
Wachstumsparameter
Max. Alter/Größen
Länge-Gewicht-Rel.
Länge-Länge-Verhältnis.
Längenhäufigkeiten
Massenkonvertierung
Rekrutierung
Dichte
Lebenszyklus
Fortpflanzung
Geschlechtsreife
Reifung/Kiemen rel.
Fruchtbarkeit
Ablaichen
Laichaggregationen
Eier
Eientwicklung
Larven
Larven Pop.Dyn.
Fortpflanzung
Geschlechtsreife
Reifung/Kiemen rel.
Fruchtbarkeit
Ablaichen
Laichaggregationen
Eier
Eientwicklung
Larven
Larven Pop.Dyn.
Anatomie
Kiemenoberfläche
Gehirn
Otolith
Kiemenoberfläche
Gehirn
Otolith
Physiologie
Körperliche Zusammensetzung
Nährstoffe
Sauerstoffverbrauch
Schwimmart
Schwimmgeschwindigkeit
Visuelle Pigmente
Fischgeräusche
Krankheiten und Parasiten
Toxizität (LC50s)
Körperliche Zusammensetzung
Nährstoffe
Sauerstoffverbrauch
Schwimmart
Schwimmgeschwindigkeit
Visuelle Pigmente
Fischgeräusche
Krankheiten und Parasiten
Toxizität (LC50s)
Menschenbezogen
Aquakultur-Systeme
Aquakultur Profile
Zuchtlinien
Ciguatera-Fälle
Briefmarken, Münzen, Verschiedenes.
Aquakultur-Systeme
Aquakultur Profile
Zuchtlinien
Ciguatera-Fälle
Briefmarken, Münzen, Verschiedenes.
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Internet Quellen
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | FishWatcher Einträge suchen | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Gattung, Arten | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Gehe zu, Suchen | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoologischer Rekord
Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
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Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00407 (0.00256 - 0.00648), b=3.23 (3.09 - 3.37), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
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Trophische Ebene (Ref. 69278) |
4.2 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies. |
| Generation time | 9.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. |
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Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179) |
mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (tm=2-3; tmax=7; Fec=1,700). |
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Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref. 59153) |
High vulnerability (60 of 100). 🛈 |
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Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766) |
Low. |