分類 / 名稱 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍 生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性. 溫帶; 10°C - 25°C (Ref. 13614); 65°N - 45°N, 12°E - 69°E
分布 領土 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 分布圖 | 簡介 | Faunafri
Europe and Asia: large rivers draining to Black, Azov, Caspian and Aral Seas. Introduced or native to Northern Dvina drainage (White Sea basin) where it is presently spreading from warmer upper reaches (Vychegda system) northward. Introduced in River Volkhov (a tributary of Lake Ladoga), in Rhine in 1995 and invasive in Vistula drainage, coming from Black Sea basin through Prypet-Bug canal (connecting Dniepr and Vistula drainages).
歐洲與前蘇聯: 多瑙河，第聶伯河，蟲，聶伯河，頓河，庫邦河，窩瓦河， Kama ， Vyatka ，烏拉河與 Terek 的流域; 也在 Volkhov 河中。
歐洲與前蘇聯: 多瑙河，第聶伯河，蟲，聶伯河，頓河，庫邦河，窩瓦河， Kama ， Vyatka ，烏拉河與 Terek 的流域; 也在 Volkhov 河中。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 27368); common length : 15.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 556)
Max length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 27368); common length : 15.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 556)
簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
Differs from Ballerus ballerus by having small and inferior mouth, 47-54 scales on lateral line, and large eye, about equal to snout length (Ref. 59043).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Occurs in fast flowing rivers. Eastern, brackish populations enter the lower reach of rivers for spawning (Ref. 1441). Inhabit large lowland rivers and estuaries. Active at night. Prey on benthic invertebrates. Semi-anadromous populations forage in large brackish-water habitats in estuaries around Black Sea. Spawn in large aggregations in fast-flowing water on gravel bottom or submerged vegetation. Usually rare and threatened due to water pollution (Ref. 59043).
在快速的流動河中。 東方又半鹹淡的族群進入河的下面範圍進行產卵。
在快速的流動河中。 東方又半鹹淡的族群進入河的下面範圍進行產卵。
生命週期和交配行為 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawn in large aggregations in fast flowing water on gravel bottom or submerged vegetation. Semi-anadromous individuals begin spawning migration in November in Kura (Ref. 59043). Sticky eggs attach themselves to stones or plants (Ref. 9953).歐洲與前蘇聯: 多瑙河，第聶伯河，蟲，聶伯河，頓河，庫邦河，窩瓦河， Kama ， Vyatka ，烏拉河與 Terek 的流域; 也在 Volkhov 河中。
主要參考資料
上傳您的推薦信 | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
CITES
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
無害處的
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
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網路資源
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基於模型的估計
|
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804) |
PD50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00955 (0.00558 - 0.01634), b=3.10 (2.96 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
|
營養階層 (參考文獻 69278) |
2.9 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
| Generation time | 12.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
|
回復力 (參考文獻 120179) |
中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=4). |
|
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
High vulnerability (63 of 100). 🛈 |
|
價格種類 (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown. |