Coregonus clupeaformis, Lake whitefish : fisheries, gamefish, aquarium

Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill, 1818)

Lake whitefish
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Image of Coregonus clupeaformis (Lake whitefish)
Coregonus clupeaformis
Bild av Scarola, J.F.

Klassificering / Namn Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Salmoniformes (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Coregonus: Greek, kore = pupils of the eye + Greek, gonia = angle (Ref. 45335); clupeaformis: clupeaformis meaning herring-shaped (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Mitchill.

Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde Ekologi

; sötvatten; brackvatten bentopelagisk; anadrom (Ref. 120291); djupintervall 8 - 128 m (Ref. 3849). Temperate; 8°C - 14°C (Ref. 1998); 72°N - 41°N, 149°W - 61°W (Ref. 86798)

Utbredning Territorier | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Prickkarta | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

North America: Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific basins throughout most of Canada south into New England, the Great Lakes basin, and central Minnesota, USA; Copper and Susitna river drainages in Alaska. Introduced in northwestern USA (Ref. 86798). This species was stocked into high Andean lakes in two countries in southern Latin America (Ref. 1739). Probably conspecific with Coregonus lavaretus (Ref. 7506). Belongs to Coregonus clupeaformis complex (Ref. 27547).

Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder

Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9988); common length : 54.1 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 12193); publicerad maxvikt: 19.0 kg (Ref. 28850); rapporterad maxålder: 50 år (Ref. 3494)

Kort beskrivning Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 11 - 13; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 10 - 14; Ryggkotor: 55 - 64. Adipose fin well developed, often larger in males; axillary process present in pelvic fins (Ref. 27547). Dark brown to midnight blue above fading to silver on sides and wide beneath; no parr marks in young (Ref. 27547).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.

Biologi     Ordlista (t.ex. epibenthic)

Inhabits large lakes and large rivers and enters brackish water (Ref. 86798). Primarily a lake dweller (Ref. 27547). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Appears to be rather sedentary, at least in the Great Lakes (Ref. 27547). Movement in large lakes generally consists of 4 stages: movement from deep to shallow water in the spring; movement back to deep water in the summer as the shoal water warms; migration to shallow-water spawning areas in the fall and early winter; and post-spawning movement back to deeper water (Ref. 27547). Forms separate populations in large lakes (Ref. 27547). Adults feed mainly on aquatic insect larvae, mollusks and amphipods (Ref. 1091, 3849); also other fishes and fish eggs, including their own (Ref. 1998). Extensive hatchery programs for the propagation have been carried out on the Great Lakes and other areas for years (Ref. 3746, 3849). Valued for its meat as well as for its roe, which is made into an excellent caviar; utilized fresh, smoked, and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988).

Livscykel och parningsbeteende Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver

Spawning occurs at night (Ref. 10242, 10344, 28849). A female and one or more males rise to the surface, release eggs and milt and descend separately toward the bottom (Ref. 27547). Spawning fish are very active and may leap completely out of the water (Ref. 1998). Breeds annually in the southern parts of the range, but only every other year or even every third year in the arctic and sub-arctic regions (Ref. 3757).

Huvudreferens Ladda upp dina referenser | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)

Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 27 July 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Hot mot människor

  Harmless





Mänskliga användningsområden

Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja; Akvarium: Offentliga akvarier
FAO - fiskeri: artprofil, landings search; Publication: search | FishSource |

Ytterligare information

Trofisk ekologi
Livsmedelsartiklar (preys)
Födosammansättning
Födointag
Matransoner
Predatorer
Ekologi
Ekologi
Populationsdynamik
Tillväxtparametrar
Max. åldrar / storlekar
Längd-vikt rel.
Längd-längd rel.
Längd-frekvenser
Massakonvertering
Rekrytering
Abundans
Livscykel
Reproduktion
Könsmognad
Mognad/Gills rel.
Fekunditet
Lek
Lekande aggregat
Ägg
Utveckling av ägg
Larver
Larvdynamik
Utbredning
Territorier
FAO områden
Ekosystem
Förekomster
Utplanteringar
BRUVS - Videor
Anatomi
Gälyta
Hjärna
Otolit
Fysiologi
Kroppssammansättning
Näringsämnen
Syreförbrukning
Typ av simning
Simhastighet
Visuella pigment
Ljud från fisk
Sjukdomar & Parasiter
Toxicitet (LC50)
Genetik
Genom
Genetik
Heterozygositet
Ärftlighet
Genetisk mångfald
Människorelaterad
Vattenbrukssystem
Vattenbruksprofiler
Avelslinjer
Ciguatera-fall
Frimärken, mynt, diverse.
Uppsökande verksamhet
Medarbetare
Taxonomi
Populärnamn
synonymer
Morfologi
Morfometri
Bilder
referenser
referenser

Verktyg

E-bok | Fälthandbok | Bestämningsnycklar | Längdfördelnings-verktyg | Livshistorie-verktyg | Prickkarta | Fångst-MSY |

Särskilda rapporter

Kontrollera för underhåll av akvarium | Kontrollera om det finns faktablad om arter | Kontrollera om det finns faktablad om vattenbruk

Ladda ner XML

Sammanfattande sida | Punktdata | Populärnamn | foton

Internet-källor

AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Släkte, Arter | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - fiskeri: artprofil, landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Nationella databaser | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, sök | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoologiskt register

Uppskattningar baserade på modeller

Index för fylogenetisk mångfald
(Ref. 82804) 		PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00550 (0.00475 - 0.00636), b=3.23 (3.19 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisk nivå
(Ref. 69278) 		3.2   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time 4.4 (3.9 - 5.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 59 growth studies.
Resiliens
(Ref. 120179) 		Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (K=0.06-0.19; tmax=50).
Sårbarhet i fisket
(Ref. 59153) 		Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100). 🛈
Priskategori
(Ref. 80766) 		Very high.
Näringsämnen
(Ref. 124155) 		Calcium = 11.6 [7.5, 20.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.279 [0.200, 0.389] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.5, 18.8] %; Omega3 = 0.96 [0.41, 2.48] g/100g; Selenium = 20.8 [10.7, 46.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.2 [4.7, 31.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.538 [0.439, 0.650] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.