Serranochromis robustus (Günther, 1864)
Yellow-belly bream
分類 / 名稱 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei > Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies) 鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) > Cichlidae (Cichlids) 慈鯛科魚類 (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Serranochromis: Latin, serra = saw + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Etymology: Serranochromis: Latin, serra = saw + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍 生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 2 - ? m. 熱帶; 24°C - 26°C (Ref. 2059); 11°S - 21°S
分布 領土 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 分布圖 | 簡介 | Faunafri
Africa: Lake Malawi, rivers flowing into it, and the outflowing Shire River and Lake Malombe (Ref. 39192, 52193, 55954, 79521, 97235, 128638). It was introduced from Lake Malawi into the upper Ruo River in Malawi (Ref. 7248), and Sand River Dam in Swaziland (Ref. 7248, 128638), where it established and spread into the Komati River system in South Africa (Ref. 128638); verbal reports from Mozambique indicate the species has recently spread onto the Mozambique coastal plain (Ref. 128638). Serranochromis species in the Luangwa River may be S. robustus based on photographs taken by anglers, but specimens ar nedded to confirm this (Ref. 128638).
非洲: 馬拉威湖與雪利河上游河。 記錄來自 Luongo 河，剛果河流域，尚比亞了。 (參考文獻 27609) 在馬拉威棲地移至盧歐河上游了以及對史瓦濟蘭.(參考文獻 7248)
非洲: 馬拉威湖與雪利河上游河。 記錄來自 Luongo 河，剛果河流域，尚比亞了。 (參考文獻 27609) 在馬拉威棲地移至盧歐河上游了以及對史瓦濟蘭.(參考文獻 7248)
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 26.5, range 25 - 27.5 cm
Max length : 56.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 最大體重: 6.1 kg (Ref. 7248)
Max length : 56.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 最大體重: 6.1 kg (Ref. 7248)
簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 15 - 16; 背的軟條 (總數) : 13 - 16; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 11. Diagnosis: The presence of four or five scale rows between the posterior margin of the orbit and the ascending arm of the preoperculum, the presence of widely set unicuspid teeth on the jaws, widely separated gill rakers, and anal fins with egg ocelli places this species in Serranochromis (Ref. 128638). Breeding males of S. robustus possess ocelli that are restricted to the posterior 4-5 membranes of the anal fin, which delimits them from all other Serranochromis species, which have ocelli throughout the anal fin in breeding males, with the exception of S. jallae (Ref. 128638). Serranochromis robustus generally has a longer lower jaw than S. jallae, 50.7-59.6% of head length vs. 49.2-52.7%; it is not as deep-bodied as S. jallae as evidenced by the distance between the posterior insertion of the dorsal fin and the posterior insertion of the anal fin, 13.4-15.1% of standard length in S. robustus vs. 14.9-18.4% in S. jallae; additionally, S. robustus has a narrower least caudal peduncle depth than S. jallae, 10.9-12.8% of standard length vs. 11.3-14.2%, the least caudal peduncle depth of all S. robustus was less than 12.8% of standard length while for S. jallae, except for the smallest specimen, the least caudal peduncle depth was greater than 13.2%; Serranochromis robustus has a smaller horizontal eye diameter than S. jallae, 17.7-27.4% of head length vs. 18.6-25.5%; in general, S. robustus has more teeth in the outer row of the left lower jaw than S. jallae, 14-23 vs. 13-14 (Ref. 128638). Adults in breeding colour of Serranochromis robustus are blue/green laterally with a narrow yellow marginal band on the dorsal fin and usually a small yellowish tip to the upper caudal-fin lobe; adults in breeding colour of S. jallae are yellow/green laterally with a bright orange marginal band on the dorsal and caudal fins in fish from the Okavango River system, but creamy yellow bands in fish from the upper Zambezi River system; the throat and belly of S. jallae becomes more intensely yellow-orange in breeding dress hence the local name 'yellow-belly'; rarely, specimens from the Okavango River in Namibia also have yellow rather than orange marginal bands (Ref. 128638).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
It occupies mostly complex habitats in water shallower than 10 m; mostly found near river outlets and in the southern part of Lake Malawi; in southern Lake Malawi it is generally associated with the rock/sand interface or, associated with submerged aquatic vegetation and among reed beds in shallow water and inlets (Ref. 5595, 128638). Present in calm coves or slow flowing sections of rivers with vegetation; not common in Lake Malawi, but abundant in larger rivers (Ref. 4967). Piscivore, hunting mbuna and sand-dwelling haplochromines; mouthbrooder (Ref. 5595). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Breeds in summer (Ref. 7248).
也用拖網捕獲。 大部份在淺灘中觀察。 發現在沙的上與有植物生長的區域以及在岩石的底部之上。 像 Mbuna 吃魚而且棲息於砂中的無脊椎動物。 (參考文獻 5595) 較大的標本偏愛深的主水道與永久的潟湖, 然而較小的魚出現主要在潟湖與第二次的峽道。 卵生的.(參考文獻 205) 繁殖於夏天, 沿著主流的長滿植物的邊緣築巢。 (參考文獻 7248)
也用拖網捕獲。 大部份在淺灘中觀察。 發現在沙的上與有植物生長的區域以及在岩石的底部之上。 像 Mbuna 吃魚而且棲息於砂中的無脊椎動物。 (參考文獻 5595) 較大的標本偏愛深的主水道與永久的潟湖, 然而較小的魚出現主要在潟湖與第二次的峽道。 卵生的.(參考文獻 205) 繁殖於夏天, 沿著主流的長滿植物的邊緣築巢。 (參考文獻 7248)
生命週期和交配行為 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 205). Females incubate the eggs in the mouth (Ref. 50828).非洲: 馬拉威湖與雪利河上游河。 記錄來自 Luongo 河，剛果河流域，尚比亞了。 (參考文獻 27609) 在馬拉威棲地移至盧歐河上游了以及對史瓦濟蘭.(參考文獻 7248)
主要參考資料
上傳您的推薦信 | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Kullander, Sven O. | 合作者
Snoeks, J. and M. Hanssens, 2004. Identification guidelines to other non-mbuna. p.266-310. In Snoeks, J. (ed.) The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa: identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press, El Paso, USA, 360p. (Ref. 55954)
CITES
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
無害處的
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
FAO - 水產養殖系統: production search; Publication: search | FishSource |
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基於模型的估計
|
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.01288 (0.00720 - 0.02306), b=3.02 (2.87 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
|
營養階層 (參考文獻 69278) |
4.1 ±0.67 se; based on food items. |
| Generation time | 2.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
|
回復力 (參考文獻 120179) |
中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.51; tm=3). |
|
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (25 of 100). 🛈 |
|
價格種類 (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown. |