Protopterus annectens (Owen, 1839)
West African lungfish
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Protopterus annectens
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Klassificering / Namn Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Ceratodontiformes (Australian lungfishes) > Protopteridae (African lungfishes)
Etymology: Protopterus: Greek, pro = first, in front of + Greek, pteron = wing, fin (Ref. 45335).
Etymology: Protopterus: Greek, pro = first, in front of + Greek, pteron = wing, fin (Ref. 45335).
Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde Ekologi
; sötvatten bottenlevande; flodvandrande (Ref. 51243). Tropical; 25°C - 30°C (Ref. 2059); 22°N - 30°S
Utbredning Territorier | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Prickkarta | Utplanteringar | Faunafri
Africa: large Sahelian basins, Comoé River, Bandama River and some basins of Sierra Leone and Guinea (Protopterus annectens annectens) (Ref. 2834, 81261), upper Congo River, middle and lower Zambezi basin and all east coast rivers south to the Limpopo River (Ref. 3498, Ref. 13337), and Lake Rukwa (Ref. 13337) (Protopterus annectens brieni). Reports from the upper Cubango and Okavango system (Ref. 11970) unconfirmed (Ref. 52193, 120641).
Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3799); publicerad maxvikt: 4.0 kg (Ref. 3069)
Max length : 100.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3799); publicerad maxvikt: 4.0 kg (Ref. 3069)
Kort beskrivning Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Diagnosis: Protopterus annectens annectens has an elongate body and paired fins are long and filamentous (Ref. 81261). The trunk, with 34-37 ribs, is a bit longer and the tail a bit shorter compared to Protopterus annectens brieni (Ref. 40587).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: circular.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: circular.
Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274). Found in marginal swamps and backwaters of rivers and lakes (Ref. 30488). Carnivorous, food includes molluscs (Ref. 30488), but also frogs, fish and seed (Ref. 13851). In Kenya it feeds mostly on plant material, like roots (Ref. 30558). Strongly associated with life of aquatic plants in terms of breeding and feeding ecologies; nests are made in weedy areas (Ref. 30558). Normally lives on flood plains and secretes, when these dry up during the dry season, a thin slime around itself which dries into a fragile cocoon; normally hibernates from the end of one wet season to the start of the next, buut can live in its cocoon for over a year (Ref. 3023, 30558). For hibernating the fish literally chews its way into the substrate ejecting mud out of its gill openings, reaching a depth of 3-25 cm below the surface depending on the length of the fish; the lungfish wriggles around, thereby hollowing out a bulb-shaped chamber and coming to rest with its nose pointing upward; they breathe air at the mouth of the chamber's tube and then sink back into the expanded part of the chamber (Ref. 36739). As the water disappears the respiratory trips cease; air reaches the fish via the tube to the surface (Ref. 36739). Under aquatic conditions this lungfish can survive more than three and half years of starvation, showing the same behavior - no motion and same body posture - as an aestivating specimen (Ref. 51339).
Livscykel och parningsbeteende Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Lungfish spawn in the swamps during the wet season, building a nest in which the eggs, white in colour and about 4 mm diameter, are laid; young are cared for by the males (Ref. 13851). Larvae hatch in eight days, and leave the nest in twenty days (Ref. 41544). Males of Protopterus annectens brieni excavate an U-shaped burrow to a depth of nearly 60 cm for spawning purposes; nest is usually placed amongst roots of aquatic vegetation where the male will attend to several females during the breeding season; males aerate the eggs with body and fin movements and provide protection to the young for some time after incubation (Ref. 13337).
Huvudreferens
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Teugels, G.G., C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and K. Traoré, 1988. État des connaissances sur la faune ichtyologique des bassins côtiers de Côte d'Ivoire et de l'ouest du Ghana. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 21(3):221-237. (Ref. 272)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 25 October 2019
CITES
Not Evaluated
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; Vattenbruk: kommersiell
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
Ytterligare information
Populationsdynamik
Tillväxtparametrar
Max. åldrar / storlekar
Längd-vikt rel.
Längd-längd rel.
Längd-frekvenser
Massakonvertering
Rekrytering
Abundans
Tillväxtparametrar
Max. åldrar / storlekar
Längd-vikt rel.
Längd-längd rel.
Längd-frekvenser
Massakonvertering
Rekrytering
Abundans
Livscykel
Reproduktion
Könsmognad
Mognad/Gills rel.
Fekunditet
Lek
Lekande aggregat
Ägg
Utveckling av ägg
Larver
Larvdynamik
Reproduktion
Könsmognad
Mognad/Gills rel.
Fekunditet
Lek
Lekande aggregat
Ägg
Utveckling av ägg
Larver
Larvdynamik
Fysiologi
Kroppssammansättning
Näringsämnen
Syreförbrukning
Typ av simning
Simhastighet
Visuella pigment
Ljud från fisk
Sjukdomar & Parasiter
Toxicitet (LC50)
Kroppssammansättning
Näringsämnen
Syreförbrukning
Typ av simning
Simhastighet
Visuella pigment
Ljud från fisk
Sjukdomar & Parasiter
Toxicitet (LC50)
Människorelaterad
Vattenbrukssystem
Vattenbruksprofiler
Avelslinjer
Ciguatera-fall
Frimärken, mynt, diverse.
Vattenbrukssystem
Vattenbruksprofiler
Avelslinjer
Ciguatera-fall
Frimärken, mynt, diverse.
Verktyg
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Internet-källor
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Släkte, Arter | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Offentliga akvarier | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, sök | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoologiskt register
Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
|
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.6562 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00380 (0.00153 - 0.00946), b=3.10 (2.88 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
|
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
3.8 ±0.64 se; based on food items. |
|
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (tmax = 23 (in captivity); Fec < 1,000). |
|
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100). 🛈 |
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Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown. |