Heterotis niloticus, African bonytongue : fisheries, aquaculture, aquarium

Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829)

African bonytongue
را بارگذاری کني تصاوير و فيلم ها
عکس ها | تمبر، سکه، متفرقه. | تصوير گوگل
Image of Heterotis niloticus (African bonytongue)
Heterotis niloticus
عکس از Katemo Manda, B.

رده بندی / نام‌ها اسامي عام | مترادف | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, گونه ها) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues) > Arapaimidae (Bonytongues)
Etymology: Heterotis: Greek, heteros = other + Greek, ous, otis = ear (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.

محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع بوم شناسي

; آب شيرين سطح زی; تغييرات عمق 1 - ? m (Ref. 13851). Tropical; 25°C - 30°C (Ref. 2060); 16°N - 3°N, 17°W - 37°E

پراكنش سرزمین‌ها | مناطق سازمان خوار و بار جهاني (FAO) | اکوسیستم‌ها | ظهور | نقشه نقطه ای | معرفي | Faunafri

Africa: native in all basins of the Sahelo-Sudanese region, the Senegal, Gambia, Corubal, Volta, Ouémé, Niger, Bénoue, Chad and Nile basins and Lake Turkana (Ref. 2920, 3012, 3514). Successful introductions in the storage reservoirs of Côte d'Ivoire, Cross, Sanaga, Nyong and Ogowe rivers and the lower and middle Congo basin, including Ubangui and Kasaï (Ref. 2920); rapidly enlarged its distribution in the Lualaba, upper Congo basin, after extraordinary inundations in 1979 (Ref. 51906). Also introduced in Madagascar (Ref. 3514, 13333). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.

طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن

بلوغ: Lm 40.0, range 40 - 40 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 31256); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 10.2 kg (Ref. 2920)

توصيف مختصر كليدهاي شناسايي | ريخت شناسي | ريخت ستجي بوسيله انداره گيري

خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 0; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 32 - 37; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 0; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 34 - 39; مهره ها: 66 - 69. Elongated and robust body, its height 3.5-5 times in SL (Ref. 2920). Relatively short head, its length 3.5-5 times in standard length (Ref. 2920, 5156). Dermal bones of cranium deeply carved by large sensory pits (Ref. 1878, 2920). Lips thick; dermal flap on border of gill cover (Ref. 13851). Teeth conical (Ref. 5156). Dorsal and anal fins spineless, elongated and posteriorly positioned, ending close to the small, rounded caudal fin (Ref. 3032, 13851, 28714, 30488). Caudal peduncle very short (Ref. 2756, 3054, 3069). Scales strong, thick, large (Ref. 28714, 30488), oval, with exposed portion thick and corrugated, with a more or less vermiform sculpture (Ref. 53264). 34-40 lateral-line scales, 2.5/6 scales on lateral side of body before pelvic fin, 5-6 scales between dorsal and anal fin (Ref. 367, 2756, 2920, 5156). Lateral line a straight line from above operculum to middle of caudal peduncle (Ref. 1878). Number of gill rakers increases with size: 33 (young) to 98 on ceratobranchial and 21 (young) to 76 on epibranchial (Ref. 2920). Young specimens with external gills (Ref. 30488). Coloration a uniform gray, brown or bronze (Ref. 2920), darker during period of reproduction (Ref. 367). Young specimens often with dark longitudinal bands and scales with an oval spot in posterior zone of anal and dorsal fins (Ref. 2920).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.

زيست شناسي     واژه نامه (بعنوان مثال epibenthic)

Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274), able to survive in deoxygenated waters; the hardiness of this fish, together with its great growth rate make it a candidate for aquaculture in Africa and it has been transported to a number of countries for this purpose (Ref. 1739, 50623). Escapees from ponds into the wild resulted in established populations, which form the basis for fisheries (Ref. 1739). Maximum observed length in Lake Kainji: 100 cm, observed weight: 10000 g (Ref. 3034, 3799). Young found in swampy places among aquatic vegetation (Ref. 5156, 30488). Adults live in open water of rivers and lakes, in both the pelagic and littoral zone (Ref. 5156). Feeds on mud (Ref. 6160, 28714), phytoplankton (Ref. 3023, 28714, 31256), vegetable debris and small invertebrates (Ref. 28714). The only plankton-feeder of the Osteoglossidae (Ref. 13851). Suprabranchial organ has a sensory function and a mechanic function in concentrating little food particles (Ref. 3012, 50624). During breeding, mature adults create a circular nest in swamps (Ref. 13851, 26281, 41544). Young leave the nest after a few days and are guarded by the male (Ref. 26281).

چرخه زندگی و رفتار جفت‌گیری بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | باروری | توزاد ( لارو)

Breeds in the wet season in swamps and floodplains (Ref. 28714), building a circular nest about 1 m in diameter and 20 to 60 cm deep (Ref. 26281). The rim of the nest is a high wall formed out of plant chunks, about 15-20 cm thick and projecting above the water surface; the bottom is a clean platform of clay or mud; after spawning the fish leave by way of a hole in the wall through which, 5 days later, the young leave the nest and are guarded by the male (Ref. 26281). Also Ref. 3074, 10609, 36900.

مآخذ اصلی مراجع خود را بارگذاری کنید | مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران

Paugy, D., 1990. Osteoglossidae. p. 114-115. In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Tome 1. Coll. Faune Trop. n°XXVIII. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren and Éditions de l'ORSTOM, Paris. 384 p. (Ref. 2920)

وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  حداقل نگرانی (LC) ; Date assessed: 14 August 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

خطر برای انسان ها

  Potential pest (Ref. 40814)





استفاده انسانی

ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; آبزي پروري: تجاري; آكواريوم: تجاري
FAO - سیستم‌های آبزی‌پروری: production search; Publication: search | FishSource |

اطلاعات بيشتر

بوم‌شناسی گرمسیری
اقلام غذایی (طعمه‌ها)
تركيب غذايي
مصرف غذايي
جیره غذایی
شکارچیان
بوم شناسي
بوم شناسي
چرخه زندگی
تولید مثل
بلوغ
بلوغ/آبشش‌ها
باروری
تخم ریزی
تجمعات تخم‌ریزی
تخم ها
نمو تخم
توزاد ( لارو)
پويايي لاروي
آناتومی
منطقه آبششي
مغز
اتولیت
فیزیولوژی
ترکیب بدن
مواد مغذی
مصرف اکسیژن
نوع شنا
سرعت شنا
رنگدانه‌های بصری
صدای ماهی
بیماری‌ها و انگل‌ها
سمیت (LC50s)
ژنتيك
ژنوم
ژنتيك
هتروزیگوسیتی
وارث
تنوع ژنتیکی
مرتبط با انسان
سیستم‌های آبزی‌پروری
نمايه هاي آبزي پروري
نژادها
موارد سیگواترا
تمبر، سکه، متفرقه.
اطلاع رسانی
همكاران
مراجع
مراجع

ابزارها

گزارش های ويژه

بارگيری XML

منابع اينترنتي

تخمین‌ها بر اساس مدل‌ها

شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی
(مرجع 82804)
PD50 = 1.0156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.01175 (0.00850 - 0.01623), b=2.85 (2.77 - 2.93), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
سطح تروفیک
(مرجع 69278)
2.7   ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
جهندگی
(مرجع 120179)
متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.22-0.4; Fec > 1,000).
آسیب‌پذیری ماهیگیری
(Ref. 59153)
Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100). 🛈
طبقه قيمت
(Ref. 80766)
Unknown.
مواد مغذی
(Ref. 124155)
Calcium = 77.4 [37.9, 190.3] mg/100g; Iron = 1.48 [0.76, 3.78] mg/100g; Protein = 16.8 [14.3, 19.1] %; Omega3 = 0.449 [0.166, 1.282] g/100g; Selenium = 76 [24, 210] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.9 [6.4, 68.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.54 [1.01, 2.45] mg/100g (wet weight);