Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, Pink salmon : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792)

Pink salmon
إضافة ملاحظاتك Fish Watcher
Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
ارفع صور و مقاطع فيديو
صور | مقاطع فيديو | صور قوقل
Image of Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Pink salmon)
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Female صورة بواسطة Østergaard, T.

التصنيف / الأسماء الأسماء الشائعة | مرادفات | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, الانواع) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Salmoniformes (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Salmoninae
Etymology: Oncorhynchus: Greek, onyx, -ychos = nail + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335)gorbuscha: gorbuscha which is the Russian name for this fish in Alaska (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Walbaum.

البيئة: الوسط / المنطقة المناخية / نطاق العمق / نطاق التوزيع البيئة

بحري; المياه العذبة; مياه مخلوطة القاع; أسماك صاعدة (Ref. 132363); نطاق العمق 0 - 250 m (Ref. 50550). Subtropical; ? - 21°C (Ref. 12741); 79°N - 32°N, 80°E - 120°W

التوزيع الأقاليم | مناطق الفاو | النظام البيئي | الظهور | نقطة علي الخريطة | مقدمة | Faunafri

Arctic and Pacific drainages from Mackenzie River delta, Northwest Territories, Canada to Sacramento River drainage, in California, USA; occasionally as far as La Jolla, southern California; also in northeast Asia (Ref. 86798). On Asia side, from North Korea to Jana and Lena drainages in Artic Russia. In Bering Sea north of about 40°N and from Bering Strait northeast to Point Barrow and northwest to Lena estuary (Ref. 59043). Introduced elsewhere. Occasionally hybridizes with Oncorhynchus keta producing fertile offspring (Ref. 28983).

الطول عند النضج الأول / الحجم / وزن / العمر

النضج: Lm 45.0, range 40 - 50 cm
Max length : 76.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 86798); common length : 50.5 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 12193); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 7.0 kg (Ref. 57875); العمر: 3.00 سنين (Ref. 27547)

وصف مختصر مفاتيح التعريف | الوصف الخارجي | قياسات المظهر الخارجي

الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 10 - 15; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 11 - 19; فقرات: 63 - 72. Distinguished by the presence of large black spots on the back and on both lobes of the caudal fin; the young have no parr marks (Ref. 27547). Body fusiform, streamlined, somewhat laterally compressed; moderately, deeper in breeding males (Ref. 1998). Mouth terminal, normally very little oblique but greatly deformed in breeding males, with lower jaw enlarged, turned up at tip, mouth unable to close (Ref. 1998). Adipose fin large; pelvic fins with axillary process (Ref. 27547). Fish in the sea are steel blue to blue-green on the back, silver on the sides and white on the belly; large oval spots present on the back, adipose fin and both lobes of the caudal fin (Ref. 27547). Breeding males become dark on the back, red with brownish green blotches on the sides; breeding females are similar but less distinctly colored (Ref. 27547). Differs from Oncorhynchus mykiss by having the following unique characters: anal fin with 11-15½ (usually 13½ ) branched rays; 177-240 scales in midlateral row; 26-33 gill rakers; large mature males with enormous hump; juveniles lacking parr marks; and lacking pink to red stripe on flank (Ref. 59043).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.

أحياء     المصطلحات (على سبيل المثال epibenthic)

An anadromous species which inhabits ocean and coastal streams (Ref. 5723, 86798). Epipelagic (Ref. 58426). Pelagic at the sea. In freshwater, lives in Montane and Piedmont rivers with moderate to fast current and gravel bottom. Spawns in riffles or at head of riffles in shallow water with current up to 1.5 m/s, and clean coarse gravel (Ref. 59043). Spends 18 months at sea after which spawning migration to the natal river or stream occurs; but because the species is less certain of its homing and there is a certain degree of wandering, streams as much as 640 km from natal streams may be used (Ref. 1998, 27547). Upon emerging from the gravel, fry immediately move downstream and remain inshore for a few months before going out to sea. Fry may feed on nymphal and larval insects while in fresh water, but may not feed at all. In the sea, young feed on copepods and larvacean tunicates, its diet shifting to amphipods, euphausiids and fishes as the fish grows (Ref. 27547). Other food include ostracods, decapod larvae, cirripeds, tunicates, dipterous insects (Ref. 1998, 27547). Fry may be preyed upon by birds and mammals while adults by marine mammals and large fish (Ref. 1998). Mostly sold canned (Ref. 1998) but also utilized fresh, smoked, and frozen; also valued for caviar, especially in Japan; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988). The smallest of the true salmon (Ref. 12218).

دورة الحياة وسلوك التزاوج النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | اليرقات

Adults develop secondary sexual characteristics during their upstream migration (Ref. 1998), which occurs any time from June to late September, depending on location (Ref. 27547). Male develop a humpback, an enlarged head and large teeth on both jaws that form a pronounced hooked type (Ref. 59043). The upstream run seems to be triggered by high water (Ref. 27547). Female builds the redd by lying on one side and using its tail, it displaces silt and light gravel to produce a deep trough. Male spends most of the time driving off intruding males. When the redd is completed, the female drops into it, followed immediately by the male. They open their mouths, vibrate and release eggs and sperm. In some cases, several males spawn with a single female. The eggs are then covered as the female digs a new redd at the upstream edge of the previous one. Adults live up to a few weeks after spawning before they die (Ref. 1998, 27547). Reported to die 10-20 days after spawning (Ref. 59043). About 1200-1800 eggs are laid. After hatching and the yellow egg yolk is absorbed, if the hatchling doesn't have a parr mark they go to the ocean and come again to the same birthplace stream the next year during spring after growing for 16-18 months. Survival rates are low, at 1-25% (taken from a Canadian river) (Ref. 12218). Reproductive strategy: synchronous ovarian organization, determinate fecundity (Ref. 51846).

المرجع الرئيسي قم بتحميل مراجعك | مراجع | المنظم | المتعاونين

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)

حالة القائمة الحمراء للاتحاد الدولي لحفظ الطبيعة والموارد الطبيعية (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 23 July 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

خطر للأنسان

  Harmless





استخدامات بشرية

مصائد: ذو قيمة تاجرية عالية; الأستزراع المائي: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم

مزيد من المعلومات

علم البيئة الغذائية
المواد الغذائية (الفرائس)
التركيبة الغذائية
استهلاك الأغذية
الحصص الغذائية
مفتريسات
البيئة
البيئة
الديناميكيات السكانية
معاملات النمو
الحد الأقصى للأعمار/الأحجام
علاقة الطول بالوزن.
علاقة الطول بالطول.
الطول- الترددات
التحويل الجماعي
توظيف
الوفرة
دورة الحياة
التكاثر
النضج
النضج/الخياشيم المتعلقة.
الخصوبة
وضع البيض
تجمعات التفريخ
بيض
تطور البيضة
اليرقات
حركة انتقال اليرقات
التشريح
منطقة الخياشيم
الدماغ
الأوتوليث
جيني
الوراثة
جيني
التغاير
التوريث
التنوع الوراثي
ذات الصلة بالبشر
أنظمة الاستزراع المائي
ملامح تربية الأحياء المائية
سلالات
حالات سيغواتيرا
طوابع بريدية وعملات معدنية ومتنوعة
التوعية
المتعاونين
مراجع
مراجع

أدوات

تقارير خاصة

تنزيل XML

مصادر علي الأنترنت

تقديرات تستند إلى النماذج

مؤشر التنوع الشُعبي الوراثي
(مرجع 82804)
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.01148 (0.00636 - 0.02074), b=3.08 (2.93 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
مستوى غذائي
(مرجع 69278)
4.5   ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه
(مرجع 120179)
وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (tm=2; tmax=3; Fec=800).
Rate of population increase Prior r = 0.55, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.83, Based on 4 full stock assessments.
ضعف الصيد
(Ref. 59153)
Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100). 🛈
قابلية التأثر بالمناخ
(Ref. 125649)
Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100). 🛈
فئة السعر
(Ref. 80766)
Low.
المغذيات
(Ref. 124155)
Calcium = 45.6 [17.1, 112.4] mg/100g; Iron = 1.15 [0.61, 2.52] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.5, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 1.17 [0.59, 2.42] g/100g; Selenium = 186 [56, 609] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.2 [3.4, 44.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.496 [0.313, 0.982] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.