Salvelinus alpinus, Arctic char : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish

Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Arctic char
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Salvelinus alpinus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Salvelinus alpinus (Arctic char)
Salvelinus alpinus
Female Bild av Ueberschär, B.

Klassificering / Namn Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Salmoniformes (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Salmoninae
Etymology: Salvelinus: Old name for char; it is the same root of german "saibling" = little salmon (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Taxonomic Remarks
The species Salvelinus aureolus Bean, 1887 is considered as valid in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. May 2011: Ref. 86870) following Fuller et al. (1999: Ref. 87253). Treated as synonym of Salvelinus alpinus oquassa by Qadi (1974: Ref. 87252); and probably a synonym of Salvelinus alpinus (see Nelson et al. 2004: Ref. 52299 for taxonomic issues). Please send references, or more studies are needed.

Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde Ekologi

marina; sötvatten; brackvatten bentopelagisk; anadrom (Ref. 138280); djupintervall 0 - 70 m (Ref. 30578), usually 0 - 1 m (Ref. 101587). Temperate; 4°C - 16°C (Ref. 2059); 82°N - 41°N, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 117475)

Utbredning Territorier | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Prickkarta | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Europe and North America: Circumpolar (Ref. 86798). Iceland, Scandinavia, northern Russia (absent in rivers draining to Baltic and White Seas), Jan Mayen, Spitzberg, Kolguev, Bear and New Zemblia islands, northern Siberia, Alaska, Canada and Greenland; absent in the Alps (Ref. 59043). North America: coastal areas in Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific drainages from Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada to Alaska; south along Alantic Slope to Maine, USA (Ref. 86798). Landlocked populations in Quebec, Canada and in Maine and New Hampshire in USA (Ref. 7251).

Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder

Könsmognad: Lm 60.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 107 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 40637); common length : 40.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 4779); publicerad maxvikt: 15.0 kg (Ref. 4779); rapporterad maxålder: 40 år (Ref. 46974)

Kort beskrivning Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 4 - 5; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 8 - 16; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 3 - 4; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 7 - 15; Ryggkotor: 62 - 68. Distinguished by the presence of 23 to 32 gill rakers, 37 to 75 pyloric caeca and, on the sides and back, pink to red spots, the largest of which are usually larger than the pupil of the eye (Ref. 27547). Lateral line curves slightly downward from the head (Ref. 27547). Pelvic fins with axillary process; caudal emarginate (Ref. 27547). Color highly variable, depending on location, time of year and degree of sexual development. In general, back is dark, usually rather brown but sometimes with a green cast; the sides are lighter, belly pale; sides and back are liberally sprinkled with pink to red spots, the largest spots along the lateral line usually larger than the pupil of the eye; forward edges of pectoral, pelvic and anal fins, and sometimes the caudal, with a narrow white margin; fins pale in young, dorsal and caudal dark in adults (Ref. 27547). Spawning adults, especially males, are brilliant orange-red to bright red on the ventral side and on the pectoral, pelvic and anal fins. Young have about 11 dark parr marks on each side (Ref. 27547). Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.

Biologi     Ordlista (t.ex. epibenthic)

Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Adults occur in the sea along coasts, estuaries, rivers, and lakes with cold, clear water (Ref. 59043). They are found in deep runs and pools of medium to large rivers (Ref. 5723, 86798). Anadromous forms spend a considerable time of their lives at sea; non-migratory populations remain in lakes and rivers (Ref. 4779). Anadromous populations enter rivers to breed during fall and winter (Ref. 86798). Freshwater populations feed on planktonic crustaceans, amphipods, mollusks, insects and fishes (Ref. 4479). Anadromous individuals feed little in freshwater and never feed during migrations. Spawning usually takes place on pebble to stone bottom in lakes. Riverine stocks spawn in rivers with slow current (02.-0.8 m/s), but there are some riverine anadromous stocks (in Norway) which spawn yearly in fast-flowing waters of riffles (Ref. 59043). Extremely sensitive to water pollution (cold water and oxygen oriented) (Ref. 2163). Marketed fresh, smoked, canned (Ref. 27547), and frozen. Eaten sautéed, broiled, fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Parasitized by tapeworm (Ref. 37032).

Livscykel och parningsbeteende Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver

Iteroparous (Ref. 27547). Males are generally territorial but when females start showing spawning behavior, males pair up with females and lose interest in their territories. Spawning takes place at almost any time of the day. A female invades a males territory and finds a suitable spot for a redd. Once a spot has been selected, she starts digging. While the female is digging, the male courts her by circling around her and then gliding along her side and quivering. When the redd is completed, the pair release egg and sperm. The pair then swim forward out of the nest, often still ejecting sex products. This may be repeated up to 5 times before the female begins to cover the eggs. The female then digs at the edge of the pit, covering the eggs and beginning the next redd (Ref. 27547). Males often mate with more than one female, taking the second mate after the first has exhausted the eggs. Sometimes, a female will mate successively with two or more males (Ref. 28968, 28969). Several days are usually required for females to deposit all their eggs (Ref. 27547).

Huvudreferens Ladda upp dina referenser | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)

Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 29 August 2023

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Hot mot människor

  Harmless





Mänskliga användningsområden

Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; Vattenbruk: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja
FAO - Vattenbrukssystem: production searchfiskeri: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Havet omkring oss

Ytterligare information

Trofisk ekologi
Livsmedelsartiklar (preys)
Födosammansättning
Födointag
Matransoner
Predatorer
Ekologi
Ekologi
Populationsdynamik
Tillväxtparametrar
Max. åldrar / storlekar
Längd-vikt rel.
Längd-längd rel.
Längd-frekvenser
Massakonvertering
Rekrytering
Abundans
Livscykel
Reproduktion
Könsmognad
Mognad/Gills rel.
Fekunditet
Lek
Lekande aggregat
Ägg
Utveckling av ägg
Larver
Larvdynamik
Utbredning
Territorier
FAO områden
Ekosystem
Förekomster
Utplanteringar
BRUVS - Videor
Anatomi
Gälyta
Hjärna
Otolit
Fysiologi
Kroppssammansättning
Näringsämnen
Syreförbrukning
Typ av simning
Simhastighet
Visuella pigment
Ljud från fisk
Sjukdomar & Parasiter
Toxicitet (LC50)
Genetik
Genom
Genetik
Heterozygositet
Ärftlighet
Genetisk mångfald
Människorelaterad
Vattenbrukssystem
Vattenbruksprofiler
Avelslinjer
Ciguatera-fall
Frimärken, mynt, diverse.
Uppsökande verksamhet
Medarbetare
Taxonomi
Populärnamn
synonymer
Morfologi
Morfometri
Bilder
referenser
referenser

Verktyg

E-bok | Fälthandbok | Bestämningsnycklar | Längdfördelnings-verktyg | Livshistorie-verktyg | Prickkarta | Fångst-MSY |

Särskilda rapporter

Kontrollera för underhåll av akvarium | Kontrollera om det finns faktablad om arter | Kontrollera om det finns faktablad om vattenbruk

Ladda ner XML

Sammanfattande sida | Punktdata | Populärnamn | foton

Internet-källor

AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Släkte, Arter | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Vattenbrukssystem: production searchfiskeri: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Nationella databaser | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Offentliga akvarier | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, sök | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoologiskt register

Uppskattningar baserade på modeller

Index för fylogenetisk mångfald
(Ref. 82804) 		PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00708 (0.00439 - 0.01142), b=3.03 (2.89 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trofisk nivå
(Ref. 69278) 		4.4   ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time 11.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
Resiliens
(Ref. 120179) 		Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (tm=7-10; tmax=24; Fec=400).
Rate of population increase Prior r = 0.24, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.35, Based on 2 full stock assessments.
Sårbarhet i fisket
(Ref. 59153) 		High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100). 🛈
Sårbarhet för klimatet
(Ref. 125649) 		High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100). 🛈
Priskategori
(Ref. 80766) 		Very high.
Näringsämnen
(Ref. 124155) 		Calcium = 7.69 [4.64, 12.98] mg/100g; Iron = 0.285 [0.176, 0.468] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.8, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.978 [0.394, 2.547] g/100g; Selenium = 10.7 [3.7, 32.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27 [8, 100] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.586 [0.439, 0.801] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.