Leucoraja ocellata, Winter skate : fisheries

Leucoraja ocellata (Mitchill, 1815)

Winter skate
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Leucoraja ocellata   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Leucoraja ocellata (Winter skate)
Leucoraja ocellata
Male Afbeelding van Sargent, P.

Classificatie / Namen Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (haaien en roggen) (sharks and rays) > Rajiformes (Skates and rays) > Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Leucoraja: Greek, leykos = white + Latin, raja = a fish, Raja sp. (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Mitchill.

Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied Ecologie

marien demersaal; oceanodroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 4 - 723 m (Ref. 106604). Temperate; 60°N - 34°N, 79°W - 43°W (Ref. 55278)

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Western Atlantic: Newfoundland Banks and southern Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada to North Carolina, USA.

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturiteit: Lm 74.5, range 73 - 76 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 106604); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 21 Jaren (Ref. 52109)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Disk rounded, with many small dark spots on upper surface. Usually 1-4 ocelli on upper surface on each side of disk, each with a dark brownish center and pale edge. Young have long middorsal row of large spines on disk and tail. Upper jaw has 72 rows of teeth (Ref. 7251). Lower surface usually white but marked with irregular pale brownish blotches (Ref. 6902).
Body shape (shape guide): other.

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Prefer sandy and gravelly bottoms in shoal water in the north range; to at least 90 m in south (Ref. 7251). Benthic (Ref. 5951). Much larger specimens (than 113 cm) of up to 150 cm were captured by the Fisheries Research Board of Canada off central and northern Nova Scotia from 1960 to 1971 (Ref. 131089). Those caught at Cans, Nova Scotia in Canada were found to have eaten dollarfish, cunner, and squid. Mostly inactive during daylight hours, but active under dark conditions (Ref. 10807). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 5.5-9.9 cm long and 3.5-5.3 cm wide (Ref. 41249, 7135, 71301). Electric organ discharge (EOD) activity seemed more frequent during dark periods (Ref. 10808). The individual EOD of this species is monophasic, head-negative, and lasts 217 ms (Ref. 10011). This species is used only for the manufacture of fish meal.

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).

Hoofdreferentie Upload uw referenties | Referenties | Coördinator : McEachran, John | Medewerkers

McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Bedreigd (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 19 June 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Harmless





Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van minder commercieel belang
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Schattingen op basis van modellen

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex
(Ref. 82804) 		PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00263 (0.00232 - 0.00299), b=3.23 (3.19 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau
(Ref. 69278) 		4.4   ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Weerstandsvermogen
(Ref. 120179) 		Zeer laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd meer dan 14 jaar (tmax=20.8; tm=11-12; Fec assumed to be <100).
Rate of population increase Prior r = 0.04, 95% CL = 0.02 - 0.05, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij
(Ref. 59153) 		High vulnerability (64 of 100). 🛈
Prijsklasse
(Ref. 80766) 		Medium.
Voedingsstoffen
(Ref. 124155) 		Calcium = 10.8 [2.1, 52.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.305 [0.081, 0.865] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [14.8, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.877 [0.282, 3.251] g/100g; Selenium = 10.7 [2.7, 33.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.1 [4.1, 41.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.315 [0.151, 0.571] mg/100g (wet weight);