分类 / 名称 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii 板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) > Rajiformes (Skates and rays) > Arhynchobatidae (Softnose skates)
Etymology: parmifera: Name from Latin 'parma' meaning shield, and 'fero' for 'to bear', likely in reference to the strong thorns along the midline. (Ref. 89865).
More on author: Bean.
Etymology: parmifera: Name from Latin 'parma' meaning shield, and 'fero' for 'to bear', likely in reference to the strong thorns along the midline. (Ref. 89865).
More on author: Bean.
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围 生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 20 - 1450 m (Ref. 56527), usually 120 - 450 m (Ref. 56527). 溫帶; 2°C - 7°C (Ref. 56527)
分布 领土 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 分布图 | 简介 | Faunafri
North Pacific: Bering Sea to southeastern Alaska.
北太平洋: 白令海到阿拉斯加州東南方。
北太平洋: 白令海到阿拉斯加州東南方。
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 90.5, range 81 - 95 cm
Max length : 135 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 85855); 最大体重: 18.2 kg (Ref. 56527)
Max length : 135 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 85855); 最大体重: 18.2 kg (Ref. 56527)
简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
This species is distinguished from all other members of the subgenus Arctoraja by having a complete or, uncommonly, an incomplete row of dorsal thorns extending from the nuchal region to the interdorsal; dorsum nearly uniform brown, often with vague dark spotting and a yellowish blotch at pectoral-fin base; and two unique COI haplotypes. It is further distinguished from B. panthera by having fewer total thorns 19-36 (vs. 31-42), fewer tail thorns 15-23 (vs.19-28), internal carotid foramina widely separated (vs. foramina in a single
median pit), distal portion of ventral marginal cartilage distolaterally directed and straight (vs. sinusoidal), accessory terminal 2 broadly triangular with short spike (vs. elongate with long spike), distal tip of axial cartilage bluntly rounded (vs. pointed), anterior portion of body short and narrow (vs. longer and wider); tail short (vs. longer); from B. simoterus by its wider interdorsal space 1.0-3.9% TL (vs. 0.5-1.0% TL), fewer precaudal and caudal vertebrae 32-40 and 82-89 (vs. 41 and 90), fewer tail thorns 15-23 (vs. 22-28), larger orbit 4.3-5.3% TL (vs. 2.6-4.8% TL), anterior- and posterior-most postdorsal and postventral foramina of the scapulacoracoid larger than three intervening foramina (vs. three postdorsal foramina slightly smaller posteriorly, posteriormost postventral foramina four times larger than preceding
six foramina), distal projection of the ventral marginal directed distolaterally (vs. distally), ventral terminal tear-drop shaped (vs. lanceolate), and dorsal and ventral marginals extend to about a quarter the length of dorsal terminal 2 (vs. extending farther distally to distal tip of dorsal terminal 3); from B. smirnovi by its typically complete dorsal row of thorns (vs. always broadly interrupted between the nuchal and tail thorns), wider interdorsal space (1.0-3.9% TL (vs. 0.1-1.4% TL), distal projection of the ventral marginal projecting distolaterally (vs. distally), ventral terminal tear-drop shaped (vs. lanceolate), and dorsal and ventral marginals extending to about a quarter the length of dorsal terminal 2 (vs. extending farther distally to distal tip of dorsal terminal 3) (Ref. 89865).
Body shape (shape guide): other.
Body shape (shape guide): other.
An epi- to mesobenthic species (Ref. 89865). Large individuals are reported to feed on Pleurogrammus monopterygius and miscellaneous other fishes, while the smaller ones feed on crabs and amphipods; in the eastern Bering Sea, mature individuals feed primarily on Theragra chalcogramma, miscellaneous fishes, and Chionocetescrabs (Ref. 89865). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 12.9-15.0 cm long and 8.9-9.1 cm wide (Ref. 41249, 41298).
卵生的。 明显的成对出现。 幼鱼可能倾向跟随大的个体, 例如他们的母亲.(参考文献 205) 卵为长方形鞘囊具有僵硬的触角沈积在沙滩或泥滩的角落.(参考文献 205) 卵鞘是 12.9-15.0 公分长与 8.9-9.1 公分宽的.(参考文献 41249,41298)
卵生的。 明显的成对出现。 幼鱼可能倾向跟随大的个体, 例如他们的母亲.(参考文献 205) 卵为长方形鞘囊具有僵硬的触角沈积在沙滩或泥滩的角落.(参考文献 205) 卵鞘是 12.9-15.0 公分长与 8.9-9.1 公分宽的.(参考文献 41249,41298)
生命周期和交配行为 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs have horn-like projections on the shell (Ref. 205).北太平洋: 白令海到阿拉斯加州東南方。
主要参考文献
上传您的参考资料 | 参考文献 | 合作者 : McEachran, John | 合作者
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
CITES
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
无害处的
人类利用
渔业: bycatch
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
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基于模型的估算
|
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献 82804) |
PD50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00417 (0.00340 - 0.00511), b=3.09 (3.03 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
|
营养阶层 (参考文献 69278) |
4.2 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies. |
| Generation time | 12.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
|
回复力 (参考文献 120179) |
低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100). |
| Rate of population increase | Prior r = 0.12, 95% CL = 0.08 - 0.18, Based on 1 full stock assessment. |
|
渔业脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100). 🛈 |
|
价格分类 (Ref. 80766) |
Medium. |