Elasmobranchi (squali e razze) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.
Taxonomic Remarks
Species complex include Gymnura lessae and
Gymnura sereti; distribution of and both species were included for Gymnura micrura. Distribution will be corrected.
Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione
Ecologia
marino; salmastro demersale; distribuzione batimetrica ? - 55 m (Ref. 27549). Deep-water
Southwestern Atlantic: Venezuela, including Trinidad and Tobago, to Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).
Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età
Maturità: Lm 35.0, range 34 - 50 cm
Max length : 137 cm WD maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 4439); common length : 90.0 cm WD maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 5217); peso massimo pubblicato: 0.00 g
Broad, diamond-shaped ray with a very short tail lacking a dorsal spine (Ref. 26938). Snout protruding. Front edges of disk concave. Tail with low dorsal and ventral finfolds and 3 - 4 dark crossbars (Ref. 7251). Upper surface gray, brown, light green or purple with round spots. Lower surface white (Ref. 6902).
Body shape (shape guide): other.
Prefers neritic waters of the continental shelf and
usually found on soft bottoms. May enter brackish
estuaries or hyper-saline lagoons (Ref. 5217). Feeds on
fish and shrimps (Ref. 28587); other crustaceans and clams
(Ref. 27549). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Generally
marketed salted (Ref. 5217).
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).
Yokota, L. and M.R. de Carvalho, 2017. Taxonomic and morphological revision of butterfly rays of Gymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) species complex, with the description of two new species (Myliobatiformes: Gymnuridae). Zootaxa 4332(1):1-74. (Ref. 116399)
Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Minaccia per l'uomo
Harmless
Usi umani
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale
Strumenti
Rapporti speciali
Scarica XML
Fonti Internet
Stime basate su modelli
Indice di diversità filogenetica (Fonte Biblio. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00537 (0.00334 - 0.00863), b=3.09 (2.95 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
Livello trofico (Fonte Biblio. 69278) |
3.6 ±0.53 se; based on food items. |
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio. 120179) |
Molto basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione più di 14 anni (Fec=3). |
Vulnerabilità della pesca (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoria di prezzo (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Nutrienti (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 7.1 [1.0, 38.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.314 [0.067, 0.935] mg/100g; Protein = 21.9 [18.4, 24.9] %; Omega3 = 0.234 [0.058, 0.711] g/100g; Selenium = 8.65 [2.29, 27.32] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.06 [1.19, 29.85] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.395 [0.196, 0.738] mg/100g (wet weight); |