Elasmobranchii (hajar och rockor) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Rhinopteridae (Cownose rays)
Etymology: Rhinoptera: Greek, rhinos = nose + Greek,pteron = fin, wing (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Mitchill.
Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten bentopelagisk; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 0 - 22 m (Ref. 26912). Tropical; 46°N - 42°S, 98°W - 33°W
Western Atlantic: from New England to Florida, USA, throughout the Gulf of Mexico to migrating to Trinidad, Venezuela, Brazil and Uruguay, and south to northern Argentina.
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 65.3, range 62 - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm WD hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5217); publicerad maxvikt: 953.00 g (Ref. 118626)
Deep grove around front of head below eyes; forehead above groove indented, snout below groove is distinctly bilobed (Ref. 26938). Disk brown to olive above, with no spots or marks, wings long and pointed (Ref. 7251). Lower surface white or yellowish white (Ref. 6902).
Body shape (shape guide): other.
A benthopelagic species found on continental and insular shelves; enters bays and estuaries; forms huge schools inshore (Ref. 114953). Feeds mainly on benthic invertebrates and molluscs (implicated in damaging seagrass beds) (Ref. 93252, 114953). Jumps occasionally, landing with a loud smack, probably as a territorial display. Migrates south in large schools that disappear off northern Florida, USA and are not reported from Caribbean Is.; tagged fish have been recovered in northern South America (Ref. 7251). Population in the Gulf of Mexico migrates clockwise; schools of up to 10,000 rays leave west coast of Florida for Yucatan, Mexico in the fall (Ref. 7251). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016. Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; Akvarium: Offentliga akvarier
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Internet-källor
Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01202 (0.00700 - 0.02066), b=2.98 (2.82 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
3.2 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies. |
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (Fec assumed to be <100). |
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
High vulnerability (58 of 100). 🛈 |
Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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