Taxonomic Remarks
A more detailed taxonomic review of the Eastern versus Western Atlantic M. hypostoma populations is needed to elucidate whether there are population-level differences, or if those differences simply reflect the low sample size available.
ສະພາບແວດລ້ອມ: ສະພາບແວດລ້ອມ / ເຂດດິນຟ້າອາກາດ / ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ / ຂອບເຂດການແຈກຢາຍ
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ pelagic-neritic; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 0 - 100 m (Ref. 106604). Tropical; 41°N - 40°S, 80°W - 29°W
Western and eastern Atlantic.
ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / ອາຍຸ
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 230 cm WD ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 126011); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 115.9 kg (Ref. 126011)
Cephalic fins smaller, tail longer without spine (Ref. 7251). Upper surface black (Ref. 6902).
Body shape (shape guide): other.
Occurs in shallow coastal waters (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans but may take small schooling fishes (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Found singly, in small groups, and in schools (Ref. 12951). Swimming at high speed and often leap high above the surface (Ref. 6902). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans, but also on small schooling fishes (Ref. 114953). Meat used for food and a source of oil (Ref. 6902).
ວົງຈອນຊີວິດ ແລະພຶດຕິກໍາການຫາຄູ່
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Copulation has been observed to be in a venter to venter position while the pair swims at the surface. Mating reported to last 10 minutes. Litter number 1 (Ref. 12951).
White, W.T., S. Corrigan, L. Yang, A.C. Henderson, A.L. Bazinet, D.L. Swofford and G.J.P. Naylor, 2018. Phylogeny of the manta and devilrays (Chondrichthyes: Mobulidae), with an updated taxonomic arrangement for the family. Zool. J. of the Linn. Soc., 20:1-26; figs. (Ref. 115945)
ສະຖານະພາບບັນຊີແດງຂອງ IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ໄພຂົ່ມຂູ່ຕໍ່ມະນຸດ
Harmless
ການນໍາໃຊ້ຂອງມະນຸດ
ການປະມົງ: ທີ່ເປັນການຄ້າໜ້ອຍ
ເຄື່ອງມື
ບົດລາຍງານພິເສດ
ດາວໂຫລດ XML
ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
ການຄາດຄະເນໂດຍອີງໃສ່ແບບຈໍາລອງ
ດັດຊະນີຄວາມຫຼາກຫຼາຍທາງຊີວະພາບ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245). |
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 69278) |
3.8 ±0.59 se; based on food items. |
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 120179) |
ຕຳ່ຫຼາຍ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າຫຼາຍກວ່າ 14 ປີ (Fec=1). |
ຄວາມສ່ຽງຕໍ່ການຫາປາ (Ref. 59153) |
Very high vulnerability (79 of 100). 🛈 |
ປະເພດລາຄາ (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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