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Salmoniformes (Salmons) >
Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Stenodus: Greek, stenos = narrow + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335); leucichthys: leucichthys meaning white fish (Ref. 1998).
Taxonomic Remarks
Stenodus nelma (Pallas, 1773) is a valid species according to Kottelat and Freyhof (2007: Ref. 82592). The corresponding species summary page will be created in the future.
Môi trường: môi trường / vùng khí hậu / Mức độ sâu / phạm vi phân phối
Sinh thái học
biển; nước ngọt; thuộc về nước lợ gần đáy; di cư biển sông (để đẻ trứng) (Ref. 138280); mức độ sâu 10 - ? m (Ref. 4779). Boreal; 73°N - 58°N, 36°E - 111°W
North America: Arctic drainages from Anderson River in Northwest Territories, Canada to Kuskokwim River (Bering Sea tributary) in Alaska. Upstream in Mackenzie River and Yukon River drainages to British Columbia, Canada (Ref. 5723). Eurasia: Caspian Sea (common in central and southern Caspian in summer), Volga, Ural and Terak drainages (Ref. 59043). Hybridization with Coregonus nelsoni, Coregonus autumnalis and Coregonus muksun are due more to the broadcasting of eggs and sperm rather than pairing between species or genera (Ref. 27547).
Chiều dài lúc trưởng thành đầu tiên / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Tuổi
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm 72.5, range 70 - 75 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 4574); common length : 61.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 12193); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 40.0 kg (Ref. 10318); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 22 các năm (Ref. 4576)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 0; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 11 - 19; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 0; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 14 - 19; Động vật có xương sống: 63 - 69. Distinguished by its large mouth, the protruding lower jaw, and the presence of only 13 to 17 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch (Ref. 27547). Dorsal fin high and pointed; pelvic fins with well developed axillary process (Ref. 27547). Generally silvery, with the back usually rather green, blue or pale brown; silvery white below; dorsal and caudal fins have dusky margins, other fins pale (Ref. 27547).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Adults occur in coastal brackish waters near mouths of rivers, but usually in rivers or some land-locked lakes (Ref. 4779). At the sea, they are found throughout basin in pelagic zone with temperatures below 18° C and 20-50 m deep (Ref. 59043). Juveniles and adults overwinter and forage at the sea. Encountered in large lowland rivers during migration (Ref. 59043). Adults feed mostly on small fishes; young eat aquatic insect larvae and planktonic crustaceans (Ref. 4779). During spawning migration, it feeds little if at all (Ref. 27547). Mature individuals spawn on gravel shallows (Ref. 59043). Flesh is white, sweet and slightly oily (Ref. 27547). Sold fresh or frozen.
Upstream migration from wintering areas begins at ice break-up. Early upstream movement may be associated with feeding, but movement soon becomes a definite migration to the spawning area. Spawning begins at dusk, and continuing well into the night. A female accompanied by a male, swims to the surface near the upstream end of the spawning ground. She rapidly moves across the current, extruding her eggs. The male, stays below the female so that as the eggs sink, sperm released, fertilizes the eggs. After completing a spawning pass, the female drifts downstream. She may repeat the spawning act over the downstream portion of the spawning area or may move upstream to the head of the grounds before releasing more eggs. Following spawning, there is a fairly rapid downstream migration to wintering grounds (Ref. 27547). It is not certain if spawning occurs annually or at longer intervals (Ref. 27547). Russian fish appear to spawn only every third or fourth year (Ref. 28219). Spawning frequency at Selawik, Alaska may be every other year (Ref. 27547).
Svetovidov, A.N., 1984. Salmonidae. p. 373-385. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 4779)
Tình trạng Sách đỏ IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Mối đe dọa đối với con người
Harmless
Sử dụng của con người
Các nghề cá: buôn bán nhỏ; Nuôi trồng thủy sản: tính thương mại; cá để chơi: đúng
Các công cụ
Báo cáo đặc biệt
Tải xuống XML
Các nguồn internet
Ước tính dựa trên mô hình
Chỉ số đa dạng phát sinh loài (Tài liệu tham khảo 82804) |
PD50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00479 (0.00394 - 0.00581), b=3.18 (3.13 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Mức dinh dưỡng (Tài liệu tham khảo 69278) |
4.1 ±0.74 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
14.7 (8.1 - 19.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10 growth studies. |
Thích nghi nhanh (Tài liệu tham khảo 120179) |
thấp, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 4.5 - 14 năm (K=0.05-0.10; tm=5-12; tmax=22; Fec=80,000). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.42, 95% CL = 0.28 - 0.63, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments. |
Sự dễ bị tổn thương của nghề đánh cá (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100). 🛈 |
Loại giá (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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Chất dinh dưỡng (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 10.3 [5.6, 24.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.409 [0.208, 0.798] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.2, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.565 [0.227, 1.537] g/100g; Selenium = 17.9 [7.4, 43.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.75 [1.47, 53.62] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.304 [0.204, 0.438] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |