アップロード 写真 そして ビデオ
画像 | ビデオ | 切手、コイン、その他 | グーグルの画像
Carassius auratus
画像によって Winter, T.J.
画像 | ビデオ | 切手、コイン、その他 | グーグルの画像
画像によって Winter, T.J.
分類 / 名前 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps) > Cyprininae
Etymology: Carassius: Latinization of , karass, karausche, European crucian carp (Ref. 45335); auratus: From the words carassius--Latin of karass (common name for these fishes in Eurasia) and auratus, meaning gilded (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Etymology: Carassius: Latinization of , karass, karausche, European crucian carp (Ref. 45335); auratus: From the words carassius--Latin of karass (common name for these fishes in Eurasia) and auratus, meaning gilded (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Linnaeus.
環境：環境 / 気候帯 / 深さの範囲 / 分布範囲 生態学
; 新鮮な水; 汽水性の 底生の漂泳性; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19; potamodromous (Ref. 126106); 深さの範囲 0 - 20 m (Ref. 6898). Subtropical; 0°C - 41°C (Ref. 35682); 53°N - 22°N
分布 領土 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | 目的のマップ | 導入 | Faunafri
Asia: native in East Asia, China and Japan (Ref. 6390). Introduced elsewhere. throughout the world with reported adverse ecological impact after introduction.
サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
成熟: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 48.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 27549); common length : 10.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 9987); 最大公表体重: 1.6 kg (Ref. 128900); 最大記録サイズ: 41 年 (Ref. 72468)
Max length : 48.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 27549); common length : 10.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 9987); 最大公表体重: 1.6 kg (Ref. 128900); 最大記録サイズ: 41 年 (Ref. 72468)
簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 3 - 4; 背鰭 (合計) : 14 - 20; 肛門の骨: 2 - 3; 臀鰭: 4 - 7; 脊つい: 30. Body stout, thick-set, caudal peduncle thick and short (Ref. 1998). Head without scales (Ref. 39167, 1998), broadly triangular (Ref. 1998), interorbital space broad, snout longer than eye diameter, maxillary reaching posterior nostril or not quite to eye (Ref. 39166), barbels lacking on upper jaw (Ref. 39104, 1998). Lateral line complete. Dorsal and anal fins with serrate bony spines, pelvic fins short, broad and thoracic. Nuptial tubercles of male fine, on opercle, sometimes on back and a few on pectoral fins. Hybridize readily with carp, hybrids intermediate in most characteristics (Ref. 1998). Caudal fin with 17-19 rays (Ref. 2196). Last simple anal ray osseous and serrated posteriorly; no barbels (Ref. 43281). Pigmentation: Wild-caught specimens, olive brown (Ref. 39168, 39104), slate olive, olive green, with a bronze sheen (Ref. 39104), silvery, grayish yellowish, gray-silver (Ref. 39169), through gold (often with black blotches) to creamy white (Ref. 1998); yellowish white or white below. Cultured forms vary through scarlet, red-pink, silver, brown, white, black and combinations of these colors (Ref. 39104).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Adults inhabit rivers, lakes, ponds and ditches (Ref. 5258, 10294) with stagnant or slow-flowing water (Ref. 30578). They occur in eutrophic waters, well vegetated ponds and canals (Ref. 59043). Live better in cold water. Feed mainly on plankton, benthic invertebrates, plant material and detritus (Ref. 59043). Goldfish lay eggs on submerged vegetation. Females spawn multiple times during the spawning period (Ref. 88808). Oviparous, with pelagic larvae. They last long in captivity (Ref. 7248). Maximum recorded salinity is 17 ppt (Ref. 39171), but unable to withstand prolonged exposure above 15 ppt (Ref. 39172, 39174). Used as an experimental species (Ref. 4537). Valued as ornamental fish for ponds and aquaria; edible but rarely eaten (Ref. 9987). Aquarium keeping: in groups of 5 or more individuals; minimum aquarium size 100 cm (Ref. 51539). Reported individual hooked by an angler in a lake in Poole, Dorset measured 40 cm (16 in), weighing 2.3 kg (Practical Fishkeeping, 2010).
ライフサイクルと交尾行動 成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Cold water temperatures during the winter months are necessary for proper ova development (Ref. 44091). Spawning takes place in shallow water among weeds, often where willow roots grow exposed in water (Ref. 39171), also meadows inundated by spring flood (Ref. 39176). Spawning activity begin just before dawn (Ref. 39168), to midafternoon (Ref. 39177). Individual fish spawn 3-10 lots of eggs at intervals of 8-10 days (Ref. 39180). Juveniles need high temperature to grow. Eggs are sticky, attached to water plants or submerged objects (Ref. 59043). Females spawn multiple times during the spawning period (Ref. 88808).
主な参考文献
参考文献のアップロード | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者
Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari and S. Wirjoatmodjo, 1993. Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus Editions, Hong Kong. 221 p. (Ref. 7050)
CITES
Not Evaluated
人間に対する脅威
Potential pest
人間の用途
水産業: 商業; 水産養殖: 商業; ゲームフィッシュ: はい; 水族館・水槽: 高い商業の; 餌: occasionally
FAO - 養殖システム: production search水産業: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource |
より多くの情報
用具
オーガニック・クイズ | 電子書籍 | 野外観察図鑑 | 検索表 | 長さ-周波数ウィザード | 生活史の基盤ツール | 目的のマップ |
キャッチ-MSY |
特記事項
XMLをダウンロードして下さい
インターネットの情報源
AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: 部類, 種 | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - 養殖システム: production search水産業: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | 国のデーターベース | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | 公共の水族館 | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | 生命の木 | Wikipedia: 行く, 検索する | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 動物に関する記録
モデルに基づく推定値
|
系統多様性指数 (参照 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.01148 (0.00937 - 0.01407), b=3.04 (3.00 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
|
栄養段階 (参照 69278) |
2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies. |
| Generation time | 6.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
|
回復力 (参照 120179) |
手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.17; tm=1; tmax=30). |
|
漁業の脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100). 🛈 |
|
価格帯 (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown. |