Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Bighead carp : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish, aquarium

Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845)

Bighead carp
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Image of Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Bighead carp)
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
foto/gambar oleh Ramani Shirantha

klasifikasi / Nama Nama-nama umum | Sinonim (persamaan) | Catalog of Fishes(Marga, Jenis) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Xenocyprididae (East Asian minnows)
Etymology: Hypophthalmichthys: Greek, hypo = under + Greek, ophthalmos = eye + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335); nobilis: nobilis, meaning noble (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Richardson.

Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi Ekologi

; air tawar; payau bentopelagis; potamodromous (Ref. 126106); kisaran kedalaman 0 - ? m (Ref. 59043). Temperate; 1°C - 38°C (Ref. 120904); 34°N - 21°N, 101°E - 123°E (Ref. 121042)

Penyebaran Wilayah | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ekosistem | Kemunculan | peta titik | Introduksi | Faunafri

Asia: China. Introduced to numerous countries and has achieved a near global distribution. However, its breeding requirements are very specialized and stocks are maintained by artificial reproduction or continuous importation. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction (Ref. 1739). Often confused with Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Ref. 59043).

Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur

Kematangan: Lm 64.2, range 55 - 70 cm
Max length : 146 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 59043); common length : 60.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 2059); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 40.0 kg (Ref. 59043); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 20 Tahun (Ref. 59043)

deskripsi pendek Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik

Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 3; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 7; Duri dubur: 1 - 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 12 - 14. Body with numerous scattered small black blotches. Keels extend from pelvic base to anus. Barbels absent. Posterior margin of last simple dorsal ray not serrated. Branched anal rays 13-14.5 (Ref. 13274). Differs from Hypophthalmichthys molitrix by having scaled keel from pelvic to anal, 240-300 long gill rakes, head length 27-35% SL, dark overall coloration, flank with dark, large, very irregularly shaped blotches, fin bases and inferior parts of head and belly yellowish (Ref. 59043).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.

Biologi     Daftar kata (contoh epibenthic)

Adults occur in rivers with marked water-level fluctuations, overwinters in middle and lower stretches. As bottom feeders (Ref. 6459), they feed in shallow (0.5-1.5 m deep) and warm (over 24°C) backwaters, lakes and flooded areas with slow current on zooplankton and algae (Ref. 59043) throughout its life under natural conditions (Ref. 120904). Breeding ocurrs in very deep, very turbid and warm water above 18°C (usually 22-30°C), with high current (1.1-1.9 m/s) and high oxygen concentrations. Stocked to large rivers and almost all still water bodies as lakes and ponds. In aquaculture, adults can survive brackish water (up to 7 ppt) when released into estuaries and coastal lakes. They undertake long distance upriver migration at start of a rapid flood and water-level increase (in April-July depending on locality). Spawning occurs in upper water layer or even at surface during floods. Spawning ceases if conditions change and resumes again when water level increases. After spawning, adults migrate for foraging habitats, Larvae drift downstream and settle in floodplain lakes, shallow shores and backwaters with little or no current. During autumn-winter, when temperature drops to 10°C, juveniles and adults form separate large schools and migrate downstream to deeper places in main course of river to overwinter (Ref. 59043). Marketed fresh and frozen.

Siklus hidup dan perilaku kawin Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fekunditas | Larva

Produces up to 100,000 eggs (Ref. 2059). Eggs are yellowish, transparent, and hatch after about 2 days at temperatures around 25°C while drifting downstream in the deep open-water layer (Ref. 59043).

rujukan utama Unggah referensi Anda | Acuan | Koordinator | mitra

Kottelat, M., 2001. Freshwater fishes of northern Vietnam. A preliminary check-list of the fishes known or expected to occur in northern Vietnam with comments on systematics and nomenclature. Environment and Social Development Unit, East Asia and Pacific Region. The World Bank. 123 p. (Ref. 44416)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  kekurangan data (DD) ; Date assessed: 02 September 2010

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

  Potential pest





penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: bernilai komersial tinggi; Budidaya air: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya; Akuarium: Akuarium publik
FAO - Sistem akuakultur: profail spesis, production search; Perikanan: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Laut di Sekitar Kita

informasi lanjut

Ekologi trofik
Item makanan (mangsa)
Komposisi makanan
Konsumsi makanan
Ransum makanan
Pemangsa
Ekologi
Ekologi
Dinamika populasi
Parameter pertumbuhan
Maks. usia / ukuran
Panjang-berat rel.
Panjang-panjang rel.
ukuran frekuensi
Konversi massa
pemulihan
Kelimpahan
Siklus hidup
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Kematangan
Kedewasaan / insang rel.
Fekunditas
Pemijahan
Agregasi pemijahan
telur-telur
pekembangan telor
Larva
Dinamika larva
Penyebaran
Wilayah
Daerah-daerah FAO
Ekosistem
Kemunculan
Introduksi
BRUVS - Video
Anatomi
Area insang
Otak
Otolith
Fisiologi
Komposisi tubuh
Nutrisi
Konsumsi oksigen
Jenis renang
Kecepatan berenang
Pigmen visual
Suara ikan
Penyakit & Parasit
Toksisitas (LC50)
Genetika
genom
Genetika
Heterozigositas
Diturunkan
Keanekaragaman Genetik
Yang berhubungan dengan manusia
Sistem akuakultur
profil budidaya air
Strain
Kasus Ciguatera
Perangko, koin, dll.
Penjangkauan
mitra
Taksonomi
Nama-nama umum
Sinonim (persamaan)
Morfologi
Morfometrik
Gambar
Acuan
Acuan

Alat, peralatan

Kuis organik | E-book | Penuntun lapangan | tanda freqkuenci panjang | peringkat sejarah hidup | peta titik | Tangkap-MSY |

laporan khas

semak penyelenggaraan akuarium | semak helaian fakta spesis | semak helaian fakta aqulcalture

muat turun XML

ringkasan halaman | Data titik | Nama-nama umum | fotos/gambar

Sumber internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | semak peneliti ikan | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Marga, Jenis | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Sistem akuakultur: profail spesis, production search; Perikanan: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Pangkalan data nasional | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: pergi, Cari | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Catatan Zoologi

Estimasi berdasarkan model

Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik
(Acuan 82804) 		PD50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00977 (0.00842 - 0.01134), b=3.10 (3.06 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Tingkat Trofik
(Acuan 69278) 		2.8   ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting
(Acuan 120179) 		sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (tm=3-5; tmax=20; K=0.15-0.27; Fec=50,000-1 million).
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan
(Ref. 59153) 		High vulnerability (64 of 100). 🛈
kategori harga
(Ref. 80766) 		Unknown.
Nutrisi
(Ref. 124155) 		Calcium = 15.1 [5.5, 42.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.422 [0.206, 0.879] mg/100g; Protein = 17.1 [16.0, 18.3] %; Omega3 = 0.543 [0.287, 1.037] g/100g; Selenium = 14.3 [7.2, 28.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.6 [2.8, 41.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.271 [0.152, 0.501] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.