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Batrachoidiformes (Toadfishes) >
Batrachoididae (Toadfishes) > Thalassophryninae
Etymology: Thalassophryne: Greek, thalassa = the sea + Greek , phryne = toad (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Johann Natterer (1787–1843) was an Austrian naturalist and collector. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Steindachner.
Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut; payau dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman ? - 60 m (Ref. 13608). Tropical; 12°N - 26°S, 62°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Tobago to São Paulo, Brazil (Ref. 57756).
Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.3 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 122735); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 230.80 g (Ref. 122735)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 2; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 20 - 29; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 19. All fin membranes brownish proximally, blackish from medial to distally, white extremely; body dark brown; diffuse black saddle-shaped blotches on body, 1 on orbital region and dorsal spine area, 3 on soft dorsal; no black spot except for base of dorsal and opercular spines (Ref. 13608).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Numerous in the estuarine areas of the Brazilian coast; stays motionless in the sandy or muddy bottoms; the venom is injected in the flesh of the victim when pressure is applied on the gland (Ref. 55461).
Siklus hidup dan perilaku kawin
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fekunditas | Larva
Collette, B.B., 1966. A review of the venomous toadfishes, subfamily Thalassophryninae. Copeia 1966(4):846-864. (Ref. 30721)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
penggunaan manusia
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00490 (0.00186 - 0.01287), b=3.15 (2.92 - 3.38), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
3.6 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). |
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100). 🛈 |