Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 0 - 1171 m (Ref. 56504). Temperate; 68°N - 12°N, 32°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland to Senegal. Also in the Mediterranean and Black Sea.
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 200.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 300 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 4453); common length : 100.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 4645); common length :150 cm TL (female); publicerad maxvikt: 110.0 kg (Ref. 35388)
Kort beskrivning
Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Found on rocky and sandy bottoms (Ref. 12382). Depth range from 0-500 m (Ref. 4453) and from 305-1171 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). It stays near the coast when young and moves toward deeper waters upon reaching adulthood (Ref. 5377). A nocturnal (Ref. 12382) predator of fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods (Ref. 6521). Like other species of the group, it reproduces only once in its life (Ref. 5377). Sexually mature at an age of 5-15 years. Spawn in summer in the Atlantic off Portugal and in the Mediterranean. Produces 3-8 million of eggs (Ref. 35388). Marketed fresh and frozen. Eaten fried and baked (Ref. 9988).
Semelparous. (Ref. 5377). Eggs are deposited in the open sea, at depths between 2,000 and 3,000 m (Ref. 12382).
Smith, D.G., 1990. Congridae. p. 156-167. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4453)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja; Akvarium: Offentliga akvarier
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Internet-källor
Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00042 (0.00033 - 0.00052), b=3.28 (3.22 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
4.3 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies. |
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Generation time |
17.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. |
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (K=0.06; tm=5-15 (female tm>10); Fec=3,000,000). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.35, 95% CL = 0.23 - 0.53, Based on 7 data-limited stock assessments. |
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
Very high vulnerability (86 of 100). 🛈 |
Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100). 🛈 |
Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Näringsämnen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 10.9 [6.6, 19.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.259 [0.148, 0.441] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [15.3, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.482 [0.219, 1.328] g/100g; Selenium = 39.3 [20.9, 74.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.33 [2.17, 33.01] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.278 [0.200, 0.398] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |