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> Cyprinodontiformes (Rivulines, killifishes and live bearers) > Poeciliidae (Poeciliids) > Poeciliinae
Etymology: Gambusia:Gambusia: From the Cuban term, Gambusino, which means "nothing", usually in the context of a joke or a farce. Fishing for gambusinos = when one catches nothing (Ref. 45335); affinis:affinis meaning related (Ref. 10294). More on authors: Baird & Girard.
North and Central America: Mississippi River basin from central Indiana and Illinois in USA south to Gulf of Mexico and Gulf Slope drainages west to Mexico. One of the species with the widest range of introductions which acquired for itself a near pan-global distribution (Ref. 1739). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
ขนาด / น้ำหนัก / อายุ
วัยเจริญพันธุ์: Lm? range ? - ? cm Max length : 5.1 cm TL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 50932); 7.0 cm TL (female); common length : 3.9 cm TL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 12193); อายุสูงสุดที่ได้รายงาน: 3.00 ปี (Ref. 796)
เงี่ยงครีบหลัง (รวม) : 0; ก้านครีบอ่อนที่หาง (รวม) : 7 - 9; เงี่ยงครีบก้น: 0; ก้านครีบอ่อนที่ก้น: 9 - 10. Origin of dorsal fin opposite 7th anal ray. Length of anal base much less than half distance from caudal. 8 horizontal scale rows between back and abdomen. Ventrals terminate immediately before anal fin. Pelvic fins reach ventrals. Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: circular.
Most abundant in lower reaches of streams (Ref. 44091). Adults inhabit standing to slow-flowing water; most common in vegetated ponds and lakes, backwaters and quiet pools of streams. They are found frequently in brackish water (Ref. 5258). Pelagic and surface predatory fish (Ref. 94816). They feed on zooplankton, small insects and detritus (Ref. 5258, 10294). Used as live food for carnivorous aquarium fishes. Viviparous (Ref. 5258, 30578). Effective in mosquito control and widely introduced, but found to compete with indigenous fish and to upset the ecological balance (Ref. 6351).
The species is viviparous (Ref. 5258). Internal fertilization is possible because the anal fin of the male is modified into a copulatory organ. The females carries about 30 alevins and gestation lasts for a period of 24 days (Ref. 6348) to a month (Ref. 30578).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
สถานะบัญชีแดงของ IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
