Meio ambiente: milieu / Zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / faixa de distribuição
Ecologia
marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; intervalo de profundidade 1 - 61 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical; 37°N - 10°N, 123°W - 85°W
Eastern Central Pacific: Monterey in California, USA to Mexico, including the Gulf of California. Also reported in Nicaragua (Ref. 13613).
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm ?, range 9 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 26550); peso máx. publicado: 900.00 g (Ref. 40637); idade máx. registrada: 20 anos (Ref. 56049)
Usually found on sand or mud bottom near rocks and eelgrass, from the coast to a depth of 60 m. A secretive species, it feeds on small fishes and benthic crustaceans during the day (Ref. 9342). Capable of tolerating ample fluctuations of temperature (from 7.5 to 32°C) and survive extreme cold intervals (Ref. 9342). Pelagic spawners (Ref. 56049). Important game fish caught in bays and harbors (Ref. 9342). Minimum depth range based on occurrence (Ref. 79604).
Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049). Protogyny (Ref. 32126) as proposed has been corrected by a more detailed study on several species which confirmed this species and all of the members of the genus to be gonochoristic (Ref. 103751).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: sem interesse; peixe esportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimativas baseadas em modelos
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01175 (0.00830 - 0.01662), b=3.04 (2.99 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278) |
4.1 ±0.56 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. |
Resiliência (Ref. 120179) |
médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (tm=1.5; tmax=20; K=0.296). |
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100). 🛈 |
Nutrientes (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 20.5 [11.6, 42.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.556 [0.279, 0.979] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [17.5, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.224 [0.132, 0.376] g/100g; Selenium = 16.4 [8.6, 32.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 73.5 [24.6, 256.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.566 [0.368, 0.879] mg/100g (wet weight); |