Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw, 1804)
Fourfinger threadfin
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Eleutheronema tetradactylum AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Eleutheronema tetradactylum
Bild av Randall, J.E.
Bilder | Google image
Bild av Randall, J.E.
Klassificering / Namn Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Carangaria/misc (Various families in series Carangaria) > Polynemidae (Threadfins)
Etymology: Eleutheronema: Greek, eleutheros = free + Greek, nema = filament (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Shaw.
Etymology: Eleutheronema: Greek, eleutheros = free + Greek, nema = filament (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Shaw.
Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde Ekologi
marina; sötvatten; brackvatten pelagic-neritic; amfidrom (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 0 - 23 m (Ref. 6390). Tropical; 32°N - 26°S, 47°E - 154°E (Ref. 57343)
Utbredning Territorier | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Prickkarta | Utplanteringar | Faunafri
Indo-Pacific: Persian/Arabian Gulf, Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka (except the Red Sea and East Africa) to northern Australia and New Guinea. Replaced by Eleutheronema rhadinum (Jordan & Evermann, 1902), in East Asia (Japan, China, Viet Nam) (Ref. 41639).
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ?, range 29 - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3479); common length : 50.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3479); publicerad maxvikt: 145.0 kg (Ref. 4965)
Max length : 200 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3479); common length : 50.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3479); publicerad maxvikt: 145.0 kg (Ref. 4965)
Kort beskrivning Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 9; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 13 - 15; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 14 - 16; Ryggkotor: 25. This species is distinguished with the following characters: second dorsal fin soft rays 14 (rarely 13 or 15) pectoral fin rays 16-18 (mode 17, rarely 15 or 19), pectoral filaments 4; pored
lateral line scales 71-80 (mode 73); scale rows above lateral line 9-12, below 13-15 (14); vomer with deciduous tooth plates on both sides, except in juveniles (< ca. 7.0 cm SL); posterior part of maxilla deep, 3-4% of SL; short tooth plate extension onto lateral surface of lower jaw, 7-9% SL. Colour of upper sides of head and trunk with slight darkish silver tinge, becoming lighter in lower sides; anterior margins of first and second dorsal fins blackish, remaining parts translucent and slightly blackish, respectively; pectoral fin membranes vivid yellow in life, except in large specimens > ca 35 cm SL which is dusky yellow; pectoral filaments white; anterior margin of pelvic fin yellow and other parts white; base of caudal fin yellowish, other parts blackish (Ref. 41639, 57343).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: compressed.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: compressed.
Adults occur mainly over shallow muddy bottoms in coastal waters. Also enter rivers (Ref. 3479, 6390, 11230). Juveniles found in estuaries. During winter, adults ascend the rivers. They usually form loose schools, although larger fish are more often observed in pairs or singly (Ref. 6390). Feed on prawns and fish (largely members of Mugilidae, Engraulidae, and Sciaenidae) with occasional polychaetes. Frequency of crustaceans to fish in the diet varies seasonally. Larvae (7-30 mm TL) feed mainly on copepods and mysids but also take shrimps and prawn larvae (Ref. 57343). Juveniles (31-60 TL) feed on prawns shrimps and mysids (Ref. 57343). Protandrous hermaphrodites. Marketed fresh, frozen, and dried or salted.
Livscykel och parningsbeteende Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
In Australia, fish are males at 24-47 cm FL, hermaphrodites at 25-46 cm FL and females at 28-72 cm FL. On the northeast Queensland coast, most blue threadfin are females by 45-50 cm FL. Hermaphroditic blue threadfin develop fom 1-2-year-old fish, and females first appear as 2-3-year-old individuals (Ref. 28736). Male fish probably commence sex reversal immediately after spawning (ie about April-May) and this condition may persist until after the next spawning period (Ref. 28736). The progression from hermaphrodites to females is complete by the following season.
There is little information on the larvae, although nursery areas are known to be lower estuaries, tidal swamps and lagoons, and shallows along the foreshores (Williams 1997).
Huvudreferens
Ladda upp dina referenser | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare
Motomura, H., Y. Iwatsuki, S. Kimura and T. Yoshino, 2002. Revision of the Indo-West Pacific polynemid fish genus Eleutheronema (Teleostei: Perciformes). Ichthyol. Res. 49(1):47-61. (Ref. 41639)
CITES
Not Evaluated
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiellt viktig; Vattenbruk: kommersiell
FAO - Vattenbrukssystem: production searchfiskeri: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Havet omkring oss
Ytterligare information
Populationsdynamik
Tillväxtparametrar
Max. åldrar / storlekar
Längd-vikt rel.
Längd-längd rel.
Längd-frekvenser
Massakonvertering
Rekrytering
Abundans
Tillväxtparametrar
Max. åldrar / storlekar
Längd-vikt rel.
Längd-längd rel.
Längd-frekvenser
Massakonvertering
Rekrytering
Abundans
Livscykel
Reproduktion
Könsmognad
Mognad/Gills rel.
Fekunditet
Lek
Lekande aggregat
Ägg
Utveckling av ägg
Larver
Larvdynamik
Reproduktion
Könsmognad
Mognad/Gills rel.
Fekunditet
Lek
Lekande aggregat
Ägg
Utveckling av ägg
Larver
Larvdynamik
Anatomi
Gälyta
Hjärna
Otolit
Gälyta
Hjärna
Otolit
Fysiologi
Kroppssammansättning
Näringsämnen
Syreförbrukning
Typ av simning
Simhastighet
Visuella pigment
Ljud från fisk
Sjukdomar & Parasiter
Toxicitet (LC50)
Kroppssammansättning
Näringsämnen
Syreförbrukning
Typ av simning
Simhastighet
Visuella pigment
Ljud från fisk
Sjukdomar & Parasiter
Toxicitet (LC50)
Människorelaterad
Vattenbrukssystem
Vattenbruksprofiler
Avelslinjer
Ciguatera-fall
Frimärken, mynt, diverse.
Vattenbrukssystem
Vattenbruksprofiler
Avelslinjer
Ciguatera-fall
Frimärken, mynt, diverse.
Verktyg
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Fångst-MSY |
Särskilda rapporter
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Ladda ner XML
Internet-källor
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Släkte, Arter | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Vattenbrukssystem: production searchfiskeri: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Nationella databaser | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, sök | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoologiskt register
Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
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Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00617 (0.00480 - 0.00792), b=3.07 (3.00 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
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Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
4.1 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies. |
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Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Fec=680,000; assuming tm>=2). |
| Rate of population increase | Prior r = 0.56, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.84, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments. |
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Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100). 🛈 |
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Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref. 125649) |
Very high vulnerability (91 of 100). 🛈 |
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Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
High. |
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Näringsämnen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 38.1 [12.5, 117.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.744 [0.292, 1.866] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [18, 22] %; Omega3 = 0.122 [0.065, 0.224] g/100g; Selenium = 52.9 [18.1, 162.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.1 [5.7, 40.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.92 [0.46, 1.74] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |