分類 / 名稱
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Teleostei >
Perciformes/Percoidei (Perchs)
鱸形目 (Perchs) >
Percidae (Perches)
鱸科 (Perches) > Etheostomatinae
Etymology: Etheostoma: Greek, etheo = to strain + Greek, stoma = mouth; Rafinesque said "various mouths", but Jordan and Evermann suggest the name might have been intended as "Heterostoma (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.
環境: 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性. 亞熱帶的; 31°N - 29°N
North America: found only in San Marcos and Comal springs and their effluent rivers (Guadalupe River system) in southern central Texas, USA.
北美洲: 發現在南方的中央美國德州中只在桑河 Marcos 與 Comal 中泉水與其溢流河 (哥德洛普島河流域)。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 4.3 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 2.9 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (總數) : 6 - 8; 背的軟條 (總數) : 10 - 13; 臀棘: 1; 臀鰭軟條: 5 - 8; 脊椎骨: 32 - 33.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: oval.
Occur in vegetated springs, pools and runs of effluent rivers (Ref. 5723). Feed primarily on cladocerans, copepods, amphipods, and aquatic insects (Ref. 54633). Spawn throughout the year (Ref. 75081) at 33-day interval (Ref. 31966). Eggs are found attached to the substrate unguarded (Ref. 7043).
出現於長滿植物的泉水,流出河的水潭與急流。
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Eggs are found attached to the substrate unguarded (Ref. 7043).北美洲: 發現在南方的中央美國德州中只在桑河 Marcos 與 Comal 中泉水與其溢流河 (哥德洛普島河流域)。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
瀕危 (EN) (B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v)); Date assessed: 12 December 2011
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基於模型的估計
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00676 (0.00306 - 0.01496), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
營養階層 (參考文獻 69278) |
3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
回復力 (參考文獻 120179) |
中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec=760). |
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (10 of 100). 🛈 |