Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman ? - 200 m (Ref. 86942). Subtropical; 42°N - 45°S, 180°W - 180°E
Warm and temperate seas of all oceans. Western Central Pacific: Guam (Ref. 35721). Eastern Pacific: southern California, USA to Peru (Ref. 2850). Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil (Ref. 7251). Eastern Central Atlantic: Madeira Island (Ref. 74541).
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 13.9, range 11 - 16.8 cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 5288)
Oceanic species with a strong preference for marlins and sailfish as hosts, but may occasionally cling to other large fishes. Attaches to the body or gill chamber of the host (Ref. 10791). Oviparous. Distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 57896).
Oviparous. From collection study observations, a mature pair is often found attached to a single host, most often a billfish, indicative of distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 57896).
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: tidak ada kepentingan
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5352 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
|
a=0.00263 (0.00112 - 0.00617), b=3.17 (2.96 - 3.38), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items. |
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Fec = 8,100). |
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100). 🛈 |