Entorno: milieu / zona climática / rango de profundidad / gama de distribución
Ecología
marino; salobre demersal; rango de profundidad 1 - 96 m (Ref. 57178). Temperate; 72°N - 36°N, 23°W - 42°E
Northeast Atlantic: Murmansk to Spain, including Iceland and the Baltic (Ref. 4674). Reports from the Mediterraneanare misidentications (Ref. 125963). Two distinct but often sympatric spawning groups exist in the area but have not been given subspecies status although spawning groups differ in mean vertebral number (autumn higher than spring), otolith structure, and probably habitats.
Longitud en la primera madurez / Tamaño / Peso / Edad
Madurez: Lm 13.0, range 11 - 15 cm
Max length : 20.0 cm SL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 3397); edad máxima reportada: 7 años (Ref. 729)
Espinas dorsales (total) : 0; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 49 - 58; Radios blandos anales: 24 - 32; Vértebra: 60 - 68. Scales present in the midline anterior to dorsal fin and over the musculature at base of caudal fin. Belly scales in tight chevron. Margins of dorsal and anal fins straight with rays of equal length. Lateral line pores linearly arranged along the un branched canals. Back typically sandy brown.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: circular.
Territorial; found in inshore waters, especially sandy bays and beaches, including the inter-tidal zone and estuaries; rarely offshore. Alternate between lying buried in the sandy substrate and swimming in schools in the water mass. Adults feed on zooplankton and some large diatoms (Ref. 3397). They hibernate in winter buried in sand at depths of 20-50 cm (Ref. 35388).
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
Situación en la Lista Roja de la UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Amenaza para el ser humano
Harmless
Usos humanos
Pesquerías: muy comercial; carnada: usually
Herramientas
Informes especiales
Descargar XML
Fuentes de Internet
Estimaciones basadas en modelos
Índice de diversidad filogenética (Referencia 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00234 (0.00182 - 0.00301), b=3.02 (2.96 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Nivel trófico (Referencia 69278) |
3.1 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies. |
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Generation time |
1.8 (1.4 - 2.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10 growth studies. |
Resiliencia (Referencia 120179) |
Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (K=0.45-0.77; tm=1-3; tmax=7). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 1.02, 95% CL = 0.67 - 1.53, Based on 6 full stock assessments. |
Vulnerabilidad pesquera (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (23 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoría de precios (Ref. 80766) |
Low.
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Nutrientes (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 80.7 [45.2, 182.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.528 [0.273, 0.948] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [17.7, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.459 [0.238, 0.845] g/100g; Selenium = 12.4 [5.5, 29.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.7 [6.7, 66.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.857 [0.585, 1.270] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |