Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina; sötvatten; brackvatten bottenlevande; pH range: 7.5 - 9.5; amfidrom (Ref. 138280); djupintervall 1 - ? m. Subtropical; 25°C - 33°C (Ref. 36880); 41°N - 0°S
Eastern Pacific: Palos Verdes in southern California, USA to Peru.
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ?, range 17 - ? cm
Max length : 41.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5404); 39.0 cm TL (female); common length : 25.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 55763); publicerad maxvikt: 1.2 kg (Ref. 5404); publicerad maxvikt: 1.2 kg
Kort beskrivning
Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Body compressed; head flat; first dorsal fin with 7 spines, second with 1 spine and 8 to 9 rays; anal fin with 1 spine and 9 to 10 rays; lateral line with 30 to 34 scales; body depth contained about three times in standard length; body dark green to dark brown with numerous small pale spots (Ref. 55763).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Adults inhabit estuaries, stagnant ditches or creeks of low current velocity between the sea and an elevation of 30 m. Benthic and most abundant on sandy and muddy bottoms. They ingest much mud and detritus, although also filter plankton (Ref. 36880). Found in shallow inshore areas; typically in freshwater but moves freely into the sea.
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiell; Vattenbruk: kommersiell
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01023 (0.00757 - 0.01383), b=3.11 (3.03 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies. |
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Generation time |
1.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. |
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (K=0.57). |
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (25 of 100). 🛈 |
Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown.
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Näringsämnen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 118 [54, 257] mg/100g; Iron = 1.24 [0.59, 2.45] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.7, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.278 [0.165, 0.480] g/100g; Selenium = 20.8 [10.3, 46.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.09 [2.13, 23.95] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.28 [0.88, 2.08] mg/100g (wet weight); |