Hexagrammos decagrammus, Kelp greenling : fisheries, gamefish, aquarium

Hexagrammos decagrammus (Pallas, 1810)

Kelp greenling
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Hexagrammos decagrammus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Hexagrammos decagrammus (Kelp greenling)
Hexagrammos decagrammus
Female Picture by Nichols, J.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Cottoidei (Sculpins) > Hexagrammidae (Greenlings) > Hexagramminae
Etymology: Hexagrammos: Greek, exa = six + greek, gramma = letter,signal (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Pallas.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range ? - 46 m (Ref. 2850). Temperate; 66°N - 32°N

Distribution Territories | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: Amchitka Island, in the Aleutian chain (Ref. 27436) to La Jolla, southern California, USA.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 61.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 27436); max. published weight: 2.1 kg (Ref. 27436); max. reported age: 18 years (Ref. 55701)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 21 - 22; Dorsal soft rays (total): 24; Anal spines: 1; Anal soft rays: 23 - 24. Caudal broadly rounded or truncate.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Occurs in rocky inshore areas, common on kelp beds, also on sand bottoms (Ref. 2850). Feeds on crustaceans, polychaete worms, brittle stars, mollusks, and small fishes (Ref. 28499). Young are food of steelheads and salmon (Ref. 6885). Frequently caught by shore and skiff fishers and speared by divers (Ref. 2850).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 02 December 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums
FAO - Fisheries: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Food rations
Predators
Ecology
Ecology
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Distribution
Territories
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Gill area
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Genome
Genetics
Heterozygosity
Heritability
Genetic Diversity
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
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Taxonomy
Common names
Synonyms
Morphology
Morphometrics
Pictures
References
References

Tools

Bio-Quiz | E-book | Field guide | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map | Catch-MSY |

Special reports

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Fisheries: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | OceanAdapt | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Public aquariums | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index
(Ref. 82804) 		PD50 = 0.5176 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00832 (0.00366 - 0.01891), b=3.13 (2.93 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level
(Ref. 69278) 		3.6   ±0.55 se; based on food items.
Resilience
(Ref. 120179) 		Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=3-5; tmax=18).
Rate of population increase Prior r = 0.23, 95% CL = 0.15 - 0.35, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability
(Ref. 59153) 		Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100). 🛈
Price category
(Ref. 80766) 		Unknown.
Nutrients
(Ref. 124155) 		Calcium = 42.4 [17.8, 81.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.392 [0.181, 0.862] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.4, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.782 [0.349, 2.160] g/100g; Selenium = 12.8 [6.9, 31.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.9 [3.7, 34.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.52 [0.36, 0.78] mg/100g (wet weight);