分类 / 名称
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.
环境:氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 26 m (Ref. 54407). 亞熱帶的; 17°C - 27°C (Ref. 54461); 47°N - 27°N, 82°W - 59°W
Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada to northern Florida, USA. Introduced in Europe (Ref. 122657).
西大西洋: 加拿大的新斯科舍省到佛羅里達北部,美國。
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 17.9, range 14 - 22.5 cm
Max length : 98.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大体重: 8.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 25 - 29; 臀棘: 2; 臀鳍软条: 11 - 13. Body greenish grey above and silvery below, back with small spots forming undulating dotted lines. Pelvic fins and anal fin yellowish other fins pale, sometimes with a yellowish tinge. Inside of opercle dark, visible externally. Mouth large, oblique, lower jaw projecting. Upper jaw with a pair of large canine-like teeth at tip. Chin without barbels or pores. Snout with only 1 marginal pore. Gas bladder with a pair of nearly straight, horn-like appendages. Soft portion of dorsal fin covered with small scales up to 1/2 of fin height (Ref 51721).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
身体呈绿色的灰色上方与下面银色的, 背面有波动虚线的小的斑点形成。 腹鳍与臀鳍淡黄色的其他鳍灰白的, 有时有淡黄的色彩。 在鳃盖之内深色的, 看得见的外部地。 嘴大的, 斜的, 下颌突出的。 在顶端上颌有一对大的像犬齿一样的齿。 没有触须或孔的下巴。 只吻部有 1个边缘的孔。 气鳔有一对几乎是直又像触角一样的附肢。 背鳍的柔软部位覆盖着小鳞片向上到鳍高度 (参考文献 51721) 中的 1/2了。
Occurs usually in shallow coastal waters over sand and sandy mud bottoms. Juveniles are euryhaline. During summer the fish move to their nursery and feeding grounds in river estuaries. Feeds mainly on crustaceans and fishes. Oviparous, with high fecundity (Ref. 54406). The species leave estuaries during the fall when water temperatures decrease, but are also known to overwinter in these areas. It has been reported that the fish cease feeding and die when the water temperature reaches 7.9 deg C and 3.3 deg. C, respectively (Ref. 122657). Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
通常生活在沙子与沙泥底上的沿岸浅水区。 稚鱼是广盐性。 鱼在河口中移动到他们的育幼与觅食场夏天时。 主要吃甲壳动物和鱼类。 卵生的, 有高的孕卵数。 (参考文献 54406) 生鲜使用与冷冻; 清蒸, 油锅炸的, 火烤了, 微波了而且烧烤了.(参考文献 9988)
西大西洋: 加拿大的新斯科舍省到佛羅里達北部,美國。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
濒危 (EN) (A2b); Date assessed: 08 August 2019
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
基于模型的估算
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00776 (0.00676 - 0.00891), b=3.06 (3.04 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
营养阶层 (参考文献 69278) |
3.8 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies. |
回复力 (参考文献 120179) |
中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.26-0.3; Fec = 45,000). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.30, 95% CL = 0.20 - 0.46, Based on 1 full stock assessment. |
渔业脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100). 🛈 |
气候脆弱性 (Ref. 125649) |
High vulnerability (58 of 100). 🛈 |
价格分类 (Ref. 80766) |
Low.
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营养素 (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 57.1 [32.9, 114.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.985 [0.510, 1.744] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.6, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.286 [0.169, 0.468] g/100g; Selenium = 23 [12, 48] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.8 [3.9, 41.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.635 [0.458, 0.956] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |