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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Atractoscion: Greek, atraktos, arrow + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut bentopelagis; kisaran kedalaman 15 - 200 m (Ref. 3593), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 3593). Tropical; 14°N - 28°S
Western Indian Ocean: off Mozambique and South Africa.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?, range 65 - ? cm
Max length : 130 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 4373); common length : 90.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 9772); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 25.0 kg (Ref. 4373)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 10 - 11; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 25 - 32; Duri dubur: 2; Sirip dubur lunak: 9 - 10. Body silvery (Ref. 4373).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found in coastal waters, over sand muddy bottom. Juveniles enter estuaries. Adults feed on pelagic fishes at night. Often caught with Umbrina canariensis. Feeds on pelagic fish such as mackerel and horse mackerel (Ref. 36731). Marketed fresh, flesh highly esteemed (Ref. 9772).
Chao, L.N. and E. Trewavas, 1990. Sciaenidae. p. 813-826. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3593)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00871 (0.00431 - 0.01761), b=3.07 (2.90 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
4.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (K=0.27; tm=5). |
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100). 🛈 |
Kerentanan Iklim (Ref. 125649) |
Very high vulnerability (83 of 100). 🛈 |
kategori harga (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Nutrisi (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 44.8 [25.6, 94.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.725 [0.352, 1.348] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.4, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.217 [0.106, 0.379] g/100g; Selenium = 90.5 [45.3, 199.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.7 [8.7, 87.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.651 [0.448, 0.988] mg/100g (wet weight); |