Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten bottenlevande; anadrom (Ref. 126106); djupintervall 0 - 100 m (Ref. 115829), usually 0 - 30 m (Ref. 5217). Subtropical; 11°C - 31°C (Ref. 47167); 40°N - 34°S, 117°W - 34°W
Eastern Central Pacific: Baja California to Peru (Ref. 9330); Northwestern Central Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Chesapeake Bay, USA to the Antilles and southern Brazil.
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 8.5, range 8 - ? cm
Max length : 22.4 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 131022); common length : 15.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5217); publicerad maxvikt: 117.40 g (Ref. 131022); rapporterad maxålder: 1.21 år (Ref. 47359)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 73 - 87; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 57 - 68.
Body shape (shape guide): other (see remarks).
Adults inhabit sandy and muddy bottoms (Ref. 9330). Common in estuaries (Ref. 9330). They feed on big, benthic invertebrates and small fishes (Ref. 9330). Utilized fresh (Ref. 9330).
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Oviparous (Ref. 101737). Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Females produce numerous eggs in multiple spawnings during a prolonged spawning period (Ref. 101737).
Figueiredo, J.L. and N.A. Menezes, 2000. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. VI.Teleostei (5). Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Brazil. 116 p. (Ref. 36453)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell
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Särskilda rapporter
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00851 (0.00684 - 0.01059), b=3.08 (3.01 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
3.5 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies. |
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Generation time |
2.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (tmax=1.2; K >0.3). |
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (11 of 100). 🛈 |
Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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Näringsämnen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 191 [89, 438] mg/100g; Iron = 1.64 [0.75, 3.24] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.6, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.244 [0.120, 0.523] g/100g; Selenium = 36.6 [16.0, 86.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.61 [1.15, 21.44] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.06 [0.66, 1.63] mg/100g (wet weight); |