Paralichthys californicus (Ayres, 1859)
California flounder
個人による観察記録の追加 Fish Watcher
| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Paralichthys californicus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
分類 / 名前 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ayres.
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ayres.
環境：環境 / 気候帯 / 深さの範囲 / 分布範囲 生態学
海; 汽水性の 底生の; 海洋回遊性 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 0 - 183 m (Ref. 2850), usually 0 - 60 m (Ref. 122321). Subtropical; 48°N - 24°N
分布 領土 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | 目的のマップ | 導入 | Faunafri
Eastern Pacific: Quillayute River in northern Washington, USA to southern Baja California, Mexico. Also in northern Gulf of California (Ref. 9330).
初回成熟時の長さ / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
成熟: Lm 47.3, range 47 - 51.3 cm
Max length : 152 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 2850); 最大公表体重: 33.0 kg (Ref. 9330); 最大記録サイズ: 30 年 (Ref. 33520)
Max length : 152 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 2850); 最大公表体重: 33.0 kg (Ref. 9330); 最大記録サイズ: 30 年 (Ref. 33520)
簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Adults are found mostly on sandy bottoms near shore to 183 m depth. Juveniles are common beyond surf line, larvae settling in bays and estuaries (Ref. 122321). Adults feed during the day (Ref. 9643) on fishes and squids, often well off the bottom. An important sport and commercial fish. They are caught with trammel nets (Ref. 9330). Marketed as fresh fillet (Ref. 9330). Adults migrate to shallower waters to spawn (Ref. 9643). Has very sharp teeth and is known to bite if handled (Ref. 13513).
ライフサイクルと交尾行動 成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). They are batch spawners that exhibit indeterminate fecundiity and undergo asynchronous ovarian development (Ref. 122336). Spawning interval is between 7 and 14 days while spawning frequency is around 12 to 13 times per year.
主な参考文献
参考文献のアップロード | 参考文献 | コーディネーター : Amaoka, Kunio | 協力者
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
CITES
Not Evaluated
人間に対する脅威
Traumatogenic (Ref. 13513)
人間の用途
水産業: 商業; ゲームフィッシュ: はい
FAO - 水産業: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | 私達の周りの海
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インターネットの情報源
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: 部類, 種 | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - 水産業: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | OceanAdapt | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | 生命の木 | Wikipedia: 行く, 検索する | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 動物に関する記録
モデルに基づく推定値
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系統多様性指数 (参照 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00646 (0.00398 - 0.01046), b=3.13 (2.99 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
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栄養段階 (参照 69278) |
4.5 ±0.63 se; based on food items. |
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回復力 (参照 120179) |
低い, ４．５年～１４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.08; tmax=30; tm=2.6). |
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漁業の脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100). 🛈 |
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気候脆弱性 (Ref. 125649) |
High vulnerability (61 of 100). 🛈 |
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価格帯 (Ref. 80766) |
Very high. |
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栄養素 (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 38.8 [16.9, 81.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.81 [0.38, 1.56] mg/100g; Protein = 17.1 [14.7, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.207 [0.112, 0.387] g/100g; Selenium = 40.7 [19.2, 95.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.82 [1.41, 25.97] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.371 [0.244, 0.589] mg/100g (wet weight); |