Lithognathus lithognathus (Cuvier, 1829)
White steenbras
Masukkan pemerhatian anda di Fish Watcher
| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
|
| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Lithognathus lithognathus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
muatnaik fotos/gambar dan video
Gambar | Perangko, koin, dll. | imej Google
Lithognathus lithognathus
foto/gambar oleh FAO
Gambar | Perangko, koin, dll. | imej Google
foto/gambar oleh FAO
klasifikasi / Nama Nama-nama umum | Sinonim (persamaan) | Catalog of Fishes(Marga, Jenis) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Lithognathus: Greek, lithos = stone + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Etymology: Lithognathus: Greek, lithos = stone + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi Ekologi
laut; payau bentopelagis; amphidromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman ? - 150 m (Ref. 27121). Subtropical; 22°S - 31°S
Penyebaran Wilayah | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ekosistem | Kemunculan | peta titik | Introduksi | Faunafri
Southeast Atlantic: known only from the Orange River mouth to Natal, South Africa.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 54.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3198); common length : 65.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3507)
Max length : 200 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3198); common length : 65.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3507)
deskripsi pendek Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 11; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 10; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 8. Silvery in color, crossbars fade with age.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found over sandy substrate, in estuaries and oceanic waters. Enters lagoons (Ref. 3198). Feeds bottom invertebrates, including worms, crabs and shrimp (Ref. 27121). Spawns in the sea but uses estuaries as nursery grounds. Prime angling fish. Important food fish. Sold fresh and whole in markets.
Siklus hidup dan perilaku kawin Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fekunditas | Larva
rujukan utama
Unggah referensi Anda | Acuan | Koordinator | mitra
Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
terancam (EN) (A2bcd); Date assessed: 11 July 2024
CITES
Not Evaluated
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Ikan buruan: ya
FAO - Perikanan: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Laut di Sekitar Kita
informasi lanjut
Dinamika populasi
Parameter pertumbuhan
Maks. usia / ukuran
Panjang-berat rel.
Panjang-panjang rel.
ukuran frekuensi
Konversi massa
pemulihan
Kelimpahan
Parameter pertumbuhan
Maks. usia / ukuran
Panjang-berat rel.
Panjang-panjang rel.
ukuran frekuensi
Konversi massa
pemulihan
Kelimpahan
Siklus hidup
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Kematangan
Kedewasaan / insang rel.
Fekunditas
Pemijahan
Agregasi pemijahan
telur-telur
pekembangan telor
Larva
Dinamika larva
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Kematangan
Kedewasaan / insang rel.
Fekunditas
Pemijahan
Agregasi pemijahan
telur-telur
pekembangan telor
Larva
Dinamika larva
Anatomi
Area insang
Otak
Otolith
Area insang
Otak
Otolith
Fisiologi
Komposisi tubuh
Nutrisi
Konsumsi oksigen
Jenis renang
Kecepatan berenang
Pigmen visual
Suara ikan
Penyakit & Parasit
Toksisitas (LC50)
Komposisi tubuh
Nutrisi
Konsumsi oksigen
Jenis renang
Kecepatan berenang
Pigmen visual
Suara ikan
Penyakit & Parasit
Toksisitas (LC50)
Genetika
genom
Genetika
Heterozigositas
Diturunkan
Keanekaragaman Genetik
genom
Genetika
Heterozigositas
Diturunkan
Keanekaragaman Genetik
Yang berhubungan dengan manusia
Sistem akuakultur
profil budidaya air
Strain
Kasus Ciguatera
Perangko, koin, dll.
Sistem akuakultur
profil budidaya air
Strain
Kasus Ciguatera
Perangko, koin, dll.
Alat, peralatan
E-book | Penuntun lapangan | tanda freqkuenci panjang | peringkat sejarah hidup | peta titik |
Tangkap-MSY |
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | semak peneliti ikan | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Marga, Jenis | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Perikanan: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Akuarium publik | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: pergi, Cari | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Catatan Zoologi
Estimasi berdasarkan model
|
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.01549 (0.00934 - 0.02568), b=3.04 (2.90 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
|
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
3.1 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies. |
| Generation time | 10.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. |
|
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (K=0.1). |
|
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100). 🛈 |
|
Kerentanan Iklim (Ref. 125649) |
Very high vulnerability (78 of 100). 🛈 |
|
kategori harga (Ref. 80766) |
Low. |
|
Nutrisi (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 24.8 [12.9, 45.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.664 [0.364, 1.136] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.9, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.302 [0.191, 0.497] g/100g; Selenium = 45.7 [21.7, 85.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.95 [2.03, 19.38] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.722 [0.505, 1.031] mg/100g (wet weight); |