Neoceratodus forsteri (Krefft, 1870)
Australian lungfish
muatnaik fotos/gambar dan video
Gambar | video | imej Google
Neoceratodus forsteri
foto/gambar oleh JJPhoto
Gambar | video | imej Google
foto/gambar oleh JJPhoto
klasifikasi / Nama Nama-nama umum | Sinonim (persamaan) | Catalog of Fishes(Marga, Jenis) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Ceratodontiformes (Australian lungfishes) > Neoceratodontidae (Australian lungfish)
Etymology: Neoceratodus: Greek, neos = new + Greek, keras = horn + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: William Forster (1818–1882) was an Australian farmer, journalist, magistrate, poet and politician (1856–1876) who was Premier of New South Wales (1859–1860) once described by a fellow politician as: “disagreeable in opposition, insufferable as a [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Etymology: Neoceratodus: Greek, neos = new + Greek, keras = horn + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: William Forster (1818–1882) was an Australian farmer, journalist, magistrate, poet and politician (1856–1876) who was Premier of New South Wales (1859–1860) once described by a fellow politician as: “disagreeable in opposition, insufferable as a [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi Ekologi
; air tawar dasar (demersal); potamodromous (Ref. 51243). Tropical; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 2060); 24°S - 26°S
Penyebaran Wilayah | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ekosistem | Kemunculan | peta titik | Introduksi | Faunafri
Oceania: southern Queensland, Australia in Burnett and Mary River systems. Introduced successfully in southeastern Queensland.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 83.4, range 81 - ? cm
Max length : 170 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 26188); common length : 100.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5259); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 40.0 kg (Ref. 5259)
Max length : 170 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 26188); common length : 100.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5259); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 40.0 kg (Ref. 5259)
deskripsi pendek Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 0. Body stout and elongate. Dorsal fin originating on the middle of the back, confluent with caudal and anal fins. Body covered with large, bony, overlapping scales. The head is flattened, with conical profile. The eyes are small; the mouth is reaching about half the distance to eye. The pectoral fins are large and flipper-like in ventral position just behind the head; the pelvic fins are also flipper-like, situated far back on the body.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: circular.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: circular.
Inhabits mud, sand or gravel bottoms (Ref. 44894). Sluggish species that prefers still or slow-flowing waters, usually in deep pools. During period of drought, it can tolerate stagnant conditions by breathing air, surfacing 1-2 times per hour; however, it lacks the ability to survive dry spells by aestivation; it is a facultative air-breather that will die if forced to depend on air breathing (Ref. 36739, 44894). The sound of the lungfish exhaling air at the surface prior to inhaling a fresh breath has been likened to that made by a small bellows. Nocturnally active (Ref. 44894). Feeds on frogs, tadpoles, fishes, shrimp, earthworms, snails, aquatic plants and native fruits fallen from trees overhanging the creeks (Ref. 36739, 44894). It browses among the detritus, using its electroreceptors to pick up hidden mollusks, worms or crustaceans. Protected by law. Fossil records show that this species remained virtually unchanged for over 380 million years. The Steinhart Aquarium in San Francisco had a specimen of 1 m length, 20 kg weight, and more than 65 years of age. In 1933, an Australian lungfish was transported as a fully mature male (10 yrs. old at maturity) to the Shedd Aquarium, Chicago (C. Skonieczny, pers. comm. 11/08, e-mail: CSkonieczny@sheddaquarium.org). But this fish named Granddad, died in 2017 at the age of 95 (Ref 125841). By default, another individual which was brought to the California Academy of Sciences Aquarium in 1938 from Australia becomes the oldest at the age of 90 years. Biologists at the aquarium believe that Methuselah, as it is fondly called, is a female which measures 120 m and weighs 18,100 g (Ref. 125841).
Siklus hidup dan perilaku kawin Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fekunditas | Larva
The lungfish spawns from August to October; the eggs resemble small transparent grapes and are frequently found attached to floating stands of water-hyacinth. Spawning appears to occur in a series of three phases: in the first, a pair of fish move together, roaming about an area, presumably in search of a suitable spawning site; in the second presumably the male follows the female, nudging her flanks; finally, the fish plunge through the surrounding weed, the male following the female and fertilising the eggs as they are shed.
rujukan utama
Unggah referensi Anda | Acuan | Koordinator | mitra
Allen, G.R., 1989. Freshwater fishes of Australia. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. (Ref. 5259)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
terancam (EN) (B2ab(ii,iii)); Date assessed: 13 February 2019
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: perikanan swasembada
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
informasi lanjut
Dinamika populasi
Parameter pertumbuhan
Maks. usia / ukuran
Panjang-berat rel.
Panjang-panjang rel.
ukuran frekuensi
Konversi massa
pemulihan
Kelimpahan
Parameter pertumbuhan
Maks. usia / ukuran
Panjang-berat rel.
Panjang-panjang rel.
ukuran frekuensi
Konversi massa
pemulihan
Kelimpahan
Siklus hidup
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Kematangan
Kedewasaan / insang rel.
Fekunditas
Pemijahan
Agregasi pemijahan
telur-telur
pekembangan telor
Larva
Dinamika larva
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Kematangan
Kedewasaan / insang rel.
Fekunditas
Pemijahan
Agregasi pemijahan
telur-telur
pekembangan telor
Larva
Dinamika larva
Anatomi
Area insang
Otak
Otolith
Area insang
Otak
Otolith
Fisiologi
Komposisi tubuh
Nutrisi
Konsumsi oksigen
Jenis renang
Kecepatan berenang
Pigmen visual
Suara ikan
Penyakit & Parasit
Toksisitas (LC50)
Komposisi tubuh
Nutrisi
Konsumsi oksigen
Jenis renang
Kecepatan berenang
Pigmen visual
Suara ikan
Penyakit & Parasit
Toksisitas (LC50)
Yang berhubungan dengan manusia
Sistem akuakultur
profil budidaya air
Strain
Kasus Ciguatera
Perangko, koin, dll.
Sistem akuakultur
profil budidaya air
Strain
Kasus Ciguatera
Perangko, koin, dll.
Alat, peralatan
Kuis organik | E-book | Penuntun lapangan | tanda freqkuenci panjang | peringkat sejarah hidup | peta titik |
Tangkap-MSY |
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | semak peneliti ikan | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Marga, Jenis | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Akuarium publik | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: pergi, Cari | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Catatan Zoologi
Estimasi berdasarkan model
|
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 1.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245). |
|
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
3.4 ±0.54 se; based on food items. |
| Generation time | 10.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
|
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (K=0.11; tmax >30; tm approx. 15-20 yrs.). |
|
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100). 🛈 |
|
kategori harga (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown. |