Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten revassocierade; djupintervall 0 - 20 m (Ref. 48637), usually 0 - 15 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 19°C - 38°C (Ref. 1827); 30°N - 30°S, 77°E - 20°W
Indo-West Pacific: India, Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Belau [=Palau], Guam, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji, Vanuatu, ?New Caledonia, ?Western Australia, ?Pohnpei, Caroline Islands, ?Ebon Island and Marshall Islands.
Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 1419); common length : 30.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9813); publicerad maxvikt: 2.4 kg (Ref. 125599)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 13; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 10; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 7; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 9; Ryggkotor: 13. Body bluish white; head brown to brownish or golden yellow with irregular blue lines. Preopercular angle 91°-102°; strong overlapping scales cover cheeks; midline of thorax scaled, not pelvic ridges. Anterior nostril with low flange, broadened slightly posteriorly. Spines stout, blunt or pungent, and venomous.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
Juveniles live among mangroves then move out to lagoon and coastal reefs as they mature. Forms schools. Feeds on algae growing on seagrasses, mangrove roots and rocks. Adults congregate inshore in groups of several hundreds to spawn in summer. Spawning is by pairs; sticky eggs laid on the bottom. Its very high quality flesh commands premium prices (Ref. 9813). Adults on coastal reefs, subject to strong currents (Ref. 48637). This species can tolerate very low salinities (2 ppt) and temperatures up to 38 C (Ref. 37816).
Throughout summer, adults form inshore breeding groups of several hundred individuals on the 7th or 8th days of the lunar month; pairs break from these groups to spawn. The species has a high fecundity of 350,000/spawning season.
Woodland, D.J., 1990. Revision of the fish family Siganidae with descriptions of two new species and comments on distribution and biology. Indo-Pac. Fish. (19):136 p. (Ref. 1419)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiell; Vattenbruk: trolig framtida användning; Akvarium: Kommersiell
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Internet-källor
Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01230 (0.00669 - 0.02263), b=3.11 (2.95 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items. |
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.3). |
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (20 of 100). 🛈 |
Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
High.
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Näringsämnen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 44.8 [22.4, 129.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.979 [0.445, 2.429] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.0994 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 35.2 [11.4, 95.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.3 [2.0, 55.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.82 [0.68, 4.15] mg/100g (wet weight); |