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Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Eponymy: Dr William Jacob Holland (1848–1932) was a Jamaican-born American Presbyterian minister, entomologist and palaeontologist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Jordan & Richardson.
Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 67 - 87 m (Ref. 106604). Tropical
Western Pacific: southern Japan (Ref. 559), East China Sea, Taiwan, and the South China Sea.
Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 106604)
Bottom-dwellers that feed on invertebrates and bony fish (Ref. 9908). Depth range given by H. Ishihara (pers.comm. 07/07). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 5.3-6.7 cm long and 2.7-3.9 cm wide (Ref. 41253, 41298).
Oviparous (Ref. 9908). Paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: bycatch
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00309 (0.00144 - 0.00663), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
4.0 ±0.61 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
2.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Fec assumed to be <100). |
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100). 🛈 |
kategori harga (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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