Phoxinus phoxinus, Eurasian minnow : fisheries, aquarium, bait

Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Eurasian minnow
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Image of Phoxinus phoxinus (Eurasian minnow)
Phoxinus phoxinus
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Classificatie / Namen Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Phoxininae
Etymology: Phoxinus: Greek, phoxinos = certain river fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied Ecologie

; zoet water; brak water demersaal; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 10 - 20; potamodroom (Ref. 51243). Temperate; 2°C - 20°C (Ref. 1672); 73°N - 37°N, 10°W - 179°E

Verspreiding Gebieden | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Verspreidingskaart | Introducties | Faunafri

Eurasia: basins of Atlantic, North and Baltic Seas, Arctic and northern Pacific Ocean, from Garonne (France) eastward to Anadyr and Amur drainages and Korea; Ireland (possibly introduced), Great Britain northward to 58°N. Scandinavia and Russia northernmost extremity, Rhône drainage. Recorded from upper and middle Volga and Ural drainages, Lake Balkhash (Kazakhstan) and upper Syr-Darya drainage (Aral basin), but else identifications need verification. At least one country reports adverse ecological impact after introduction. Several species are confused under Phoxinus phoxinus.

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturiteit: Lm 5.2, range 5 - 5.8 cm
Max length : 14.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 556); common length : 7.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 556); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 11 Jaren (Ref. 59043)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 3; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 6 - 8; Anale stekels: 3; Anale zachte stralen: 6 - 8; Wervels: 38 - 40. Diagnosed from its congeners in Europe by having lateral line usually reaching beyond anal fin base, a midlateral row of vertically elongated blotches whose depth is about 1/3-1/2 of body depth at same position, often fused in a midlateral stripe (in preserved individuals), caudal peduncle depth 2.6-3.1 times in its length, patches of breast scales separated by unscaled area or (rarely) connected anteriorly by 1-2 rows of scales, snout length 29-34% HL ( 1.1-1.4 times eye diameter), and anal fin origin in front of base of last dorsal ray (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Gregarious (Ref. 2196). Found in a wide range of cold and well oxygenated habitats from small, fast-flowing streams to large Nordic lowland rivers and from small upland lakes to large oligotrophic lakes. Usually occurs in association with salmonid fishes (Ref. 59043). Feeds on algae, plant debris (in rivers), mollusks, crustaceans and insects (Ref. 30578). Spawns over clean gravel areas in flowing water or on wave-washed shores of lakes. Overwinters in coarse substrate or in deep pools with low current (Ref. 59043). Migrates upstream for spawning in shallow gravel areas. Important laboratory fish, for research on sensory organs of fishes. Mean maximum age is 6 years (Ref. 41616). Locally threatened due to pollution and excessive stocking of species of Salmo (Ref. 59043).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

Males and females form school separately and arrive on the spawning site at differen times. Spawn over clean gravel areas in flowing water or on wave-washed shores of lakes. Deposit eggs in shallow water on sand or gravel bottom which hatch in 4-5 days at 18°C. Females lay sticky eggs deep into clean gravel (Ref. 59043).

Hoofdreferentie Upload uw referenties | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 12 January 2024

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Potential pest (Ref. 13686)





Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; Aquarium: Commercieel; aas: usually
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Schattingen op basis van modellen

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex
(Ref. 82804)
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00708 (0.00530 - 0.00946), b=3.14 (3.06 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau
(Ref. 69278)
3.2   ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time 4.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen
(Ref. 120179)
Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (tm=1-6; tmax=13; fec=200).
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij
(Ref. 59153)
Low vulnerability (24 of 100). 🛈
Prijsklasse
(Ref. 80766)
Unknown.