Taxonomic Remarks
Genetic data indicate the presence of cryptic species with partial parapatric distribution. The species Paniliza macrolepis may be limited to West Indian Ocean lineages (Durand & Borsa (2015: Ref. 114224).
Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione
Ecologia
marino; acqua dolce; salmastro demersale; catadromo (Ref. 46888); distribuzione batimetrica 10 - ? m (Ref. 40448). Tropical; 32°N - 35°S, 22°E - 136°W
Indo-Pacific: east coast of Africa, south to Eastern Cape in South Africa (Ref. 52193), including Madagascar, Seychelles, Rodriguez; north to Sri Lanka and India (except Bay of Bengal), Andaman and Nicobar Islands, east to Indonesia, China, the Philippines, Japan, Marshall and Tuamoto islands, Melanesia and Polynesia (Ref. 2830). Distribution includes the Red Sea (Ref. 84159) and Persian Gulf (Ref. 66734).
Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età
Maturità: Lm 23.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 4967); common length : 26.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 4967); Età massima riportata: 6 anni (Ref. 127264)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 4 - 5; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 8 - 9; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 8 - 10.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Occur in shallow coastal waters, and from brackish water to freshwater regions of rivers (Ref. 41299). Form schools (Ref. 40448); in larger aggregations during spawning, which takes place at sea (Ref. 2830). Feed on small algae, diatoms, forams, benthic polychaetes, crustaceans, mollusks, organic matter and detritus; fry feed on copepods and floating algae (Ref. 40448). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Caught mainly during the spawning season and is sold fresh; the roe is highly appreciated.
Nakabo, T., 2002. Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition I. Tokai University Press, Japan, pp v-866. (Ref. 41299)
Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Minaccia per l'uomo
Harmless
Usi umani
Pesca: commerciale; Acquacoltura: commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si
Strumenti
Rapporti speciali
Scarica XML
Fonti Internet
Stime basate su modelli
Indice di diversità filogenetica (Fonte Biblio. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01259 (0.01031 - 0.01537), b=2.93 (2.90 - 2.96), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Livello trofico (Fonte Biblio. 69278) |
2.8 ±0.17 se; based on food items. |
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio. 120179) |
Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (K=0.10; tmax=6;). |
Vulnerabilità della pesca (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoria di prezzo (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Nutrienti (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 138 [59, 322] mg/100g; Iron = 1.09 [0.51, 2.31] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.5, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.25 [0.12, 0.56] g/100g; Selenium = 38.3 [18.7, 89.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.7 [4.8, 58.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.69 [1.14, 2.55] mg/100g (wet weight); |