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Acanthuriformes (Surgeonfishes) >
Ephippidae (Spadefishes, batfishes and scats)
Etymology: Ephippus: Greek, ephippion, horse cloth, saddle.
More on author: Cuvier.
Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut; payau dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 10 - 75 m (Ref. 26999), usually 10 - 75 m (Ref. 26999). Tropical
Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Angola (Ref. 3166), including Cape Verde. Reported from Mauritania (Ref. 55783).
Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 2683); common length : 25.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 2683)
Neritic species (Ref. 27000). Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms of estuaries (Ref. 2683). Feeds mainly on benthic and planktonic invertebrates (Ref. 3612).
Desoutter, M., 1990. Ephippidae. p. 834-836. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7350)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.02818 (0.01190 - 0.06674), b=2.94 (2.74 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
3.5 ±0.41 se; based on food items. |
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). |
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100). 🛈 |
kategori harga (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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