Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 80 - 300 m (Ref. 3589). Tropical; 17°N - 13°S, 19°W - 15°E (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania (Ref. 5377) and Senegal to southern Angola.
Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 140 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5377); common length : 50.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 26999)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 11; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 16; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: brownish head and body; 3-4 broad oblique bars on the dorsal part of the body and another on the dorsal half of the peduncle; 2 narrow faint dark bands extending posteriorly from the lower half of the eye; presence of dark moustache streak, not extending past the rear end on maxilla; body depth less than head length, depth contained 2.9-3.2 times in SL; head length 2.5-2.7 times in standard length; flat or slightly convex interorbital area; angular preopercle, 3-4 enlarged serrae at the angle, lowermost directed ventrally; serrate interopercle and subopercle; well developed middle and lower opercular spines, upper spine not apparent; approximately straight upper edge of operculum; maxilla reaches vertical at rear edge of eye; maxilla naked or with few minute scales dorsally; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw; posterior nostril about twice the size of anterior nostril (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Reported to occur from a variety of habitats (rock, mud and sand). The adults live in relatively deeper waters (Ref. 5377). Little is known about its biology.
Siklus hidup dan perilaku kawin
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fekunditas | Larva
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: perikanan swasembada
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01047 (0.00569 - 0.01926), b=3.03 (2.88 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
3.9 ±0.64 se; based on food items. |
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Assuming tm=3-4). |
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
Very high vulnerability (78 of 100). 🛈 |
Kerentanan Iklim (Ref. 125649) |
Very high vulnerability (83 of 100). 🛈 |
kategori harga (Ref. 80766) |
High.
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Nutrisi (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 42.3 [16.9, 97.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.731 [0.329, 1.668] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.0, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.187 [0.095, 0.360] g/100g; Selenium = 97.9 [44.0, 230.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 30.3 [7.3, 126.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.03 [0.64, 1.70] mg/100g (wet weight); |