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Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Gempylidae (Snake mackerels)
Eponymy: In Greek mythology, Prometheus stole fire from heaven to give to mankind: for which he was bound to a rock where an eagle was sent to feed upon his liver (which then grew back, to be devoured anew the next day). [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Cuvier.
Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina bentopelagisk; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 80 - 800 m (Ref. 2683), usually 300 - 400 m (Ref. 5217). Subtropical; 50°N - 36°S, 180°W - 180°E
Tropical and warm temperate waters of all oceans, but absent from eastern Pacific except at Sala y Gomez Ridge.
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 47.4  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 6181); common length : 40.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3403); rapporterad maxålder: 11 år (Ref. 32115)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 18 - 20; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 17 - 20; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 2 - 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 15 - 17. Body moderately elongate. Mouth with fang-like teeth. Spinescent gill rakers on the first arch with 1 - 3 cusps and many small spines; the angular raker long and triple-rooted. Body entirely scaled at over 20 - 25 cm SL. Pyloric caeca 7 or 8. Color is grayish to copper brown; fins blackish at over 40 cm SL, yellowish with black tips in smaller specimens (the first dorsal fin with a black blotch on two anteriormost membranes); the buccal and branchial cavities are black. Pelvic fin reduced to one spine that becomes entirely absent in specimens more than 40 cm SL.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: compressed.
Found at continental slopes, around oceanic islands and submarine rises (Ref. 6181). Meso-benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Migrate to midwater at night (Ref. 6181). Feed on fish, cephalopods and crustaceans (Ref. 6181). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6766).
Probably spawns throughout the year in warmer seas.
Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 31637)
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: husbehovsfiske; sportfisk: ja; bete: usually
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00363 (0.00224 - 0.00588), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
4.2 ±0.57 se; based on food items. |
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (K=0.17-0.18; tm=4; tmax=11;). |
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
High vulnerability (58 of 100). 🛈 |
Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100). 🛈 |
Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown.
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Näringsämnen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 32.6 [15.0, 65.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.62 [0.29, 1.21] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.6, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.255 [0.146, 0.444] g/100g; Selenium = 60.5 [27.5, 122.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.2 [3.6, 42.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.55 [0.38, 0.82] mg/100g (wet weight); |