Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Pseudotolithus: Greek, pseudes = false + greek, otos = ear + Greek, lithos = stone (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Taxonomic Remarks
The species Pseudotolithus brachygnathus Bleeker, 1863 is considered as valid in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Jul. 2010: Ref. 84883) according to Afonso et al. (1999: Ref. 34088).
環境: 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 150 m. 熱帶; 16°N - 17°S
Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania (Ref. 5377) to Angola.
東大西洋: 茅利塔尼亞 (參考文獻 5377) 到安哥拉。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 30.3  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 230 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2683); common length : 85.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2683); 最大體重: 12.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 25 - 27. Diagnosis: body elongated; mouth short and large, chin without barbels; teeth fine (Ref. 5377). Dorsal with 10 spines in the first part; second part of dorsal fin with 1 spine and 25-27 soft rays; second anal spine about half the length of the 1st anal fin soft ray; pectoral fins short, about 18-20% SL; maxilla extending to posterior half of eye; 8-10/1/5-7 (total 14-18) gill rakers on 1st gill arch; gill rakers short, about as long as gill filament at angle between lower and upper part of gill arch (Ref. 81656).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
身體延長; 嘴短與大的, 沒有觸鬚的下巴; 齒細的.(參考文獻 5377)
Found over mud and sandy bottoms, enters coastal lagoons and estuaries. Feeds on small fish and crustaceans. Flesh highly appreciated; caught by artisanal fishers (Ref. 5377).
發現在泥與砂質底部上了, 進入岸邊潟湖與河口。 吃小魚與甲殼動物。 肉高度地欣賞; 被魚民的漁夫捕獲了。 (參考文獻 5377)
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東大西洋: 茅利塔尼亞 (參考文獻 5377) 到安哥拉。
Sasaki, K., 1993. Corvina senegalla Cuvier, a senior synonym of Pseudotolithus (Pseudotolithus) brachygnathus Bleeker (Sciaenidae: Periciformes). Jap. J. Ichthyol. 40(3):361-362. (Ref. 10077)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
易受傷害 (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 17 March 2020
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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基於模型的估計
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00692 (0.00406 - 0.01178), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
營養階層 (參考文獻 69278) |
3.9 ±0.67 se; based on food items. |
回復力 (參考文獻 120179) |
低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming tmax>10). |
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Very high vulnerability (82 of 100). 🛈 |
氣候脆弱性 (Ref. 125649) |
Very high vulnerability (90 of 100). 🛈 |
價格種類 (Ref. 80766) |
High.
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營養素 (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 41.2 [23.6, 80.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.685 [0.354, 1.204] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [18.2, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.192 [0.101, 0.334] g/100g; Selenium = 93.1 [48.1, 180.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.98 [3.25, 25.73] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.818 [0.574, 1.190] mg/100g (wet weight); |