Môi trường: môi trường / vùng khí hậu / Mức độ sâu / phạm vi phân phối
Sinh thái học
; nước ngọt gần đáy; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19; di cư trong nước ngọt (Ref. 51243). Tropical; 25°C - 28°C (Ref. 2060); 16°N - 2°S, 17°W - 37°E
Africa: subspecies Polypterus senegalus senegalus known from West Africa, in Senegal, Gambia, Niger, Volta and Chad basins (Ref. 2835, 3188, 81263), up to Nile River basin (Ref. 2835, 3188) and lakes Turkana (Ref. 3188) and Albert (Ref. 41590, 48922, 48960). Subspecies Polypterus senegalus meridionalis known from middle and upper Congo River basin (Ref. 2835, 3188, 4910, 45434).
Chiều dài lúc trưởng thành đầu tiên / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Tuổi
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm 19.0, range 15 - 23 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm SL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 3188); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 207.00 g (Ref. 3013)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 8 - 11; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 14 - 17; Động vật có xương sống: 53 - 59. Diagnosis: Polypterus senegalus is characterized by jaws of equal length or an upper jaw slightly longer than lower jaw and a pectoral fin not reaching the first dorsal ray (Ref. 2756, 2835, 42908, 43035, 81263).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: circular.
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); This species inhabits marginal swamps and freshwater lagoons (Ref. 3066) and it appears to favor sheltered inshore habitats (Ref. 3034); it inhabits the muddy regions at the sides of rivers and swampy waters, where it lies quiet or glides about with snake-like movements (Ref. 49805). During the hottest hours of the day, it comes to the surface just on the outer edge of the vegetation, and it goes back to the bottom when disturbed (Ref. 45962). It feeds on insects, crustaceans, mollusks, frogs and fishes (Ref. 4903, Ref. 28714). Polypterus senegalus senegalus is mainly insectivorous (Ref. 367). Longevity of Polypterus senegalus in captivity can be 34 years and more (Ref. 48954).
Larval fish 1.1-3.8 cm SL were found in papyrus root mat and juveniles up to 10 cm SL retaining external gills were found in fringing water hyacinth. Feeds mainly on fishes (Ref. 9695), insects, crustaceans, mollusks, frogs as well as on plant fragments and seeds.
In Polypterus senegalus courtship starts with a series of leaps from the surface by usually only one of the pair at a time, followed by a slow descent through the water; after a while the male stays very close to the female and at times the female will remain motionless in the water and the male will come up to her from behind and nudge her with sidewise movements of his head; the enlarged and swollen anal fin of the male is folded in a cup-like fashion and is used to brush the female (Ref. 42791). No nest is constructed, but the eggs are laid a few at a time throughout the thick vegetation (Ref. 42791). The larvae, which move about with the male parent in a dense school, are provided with accessory gills and appear very salamander-like (Ref. 42791).
Gosse, J.P. and J. Daget, 2003. Polypteridae. p. 101-112. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81263)
Tình trạng Sách đỏ IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Mối đe dọa đối với con người
Harmless
Sử dụng của con người
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Ước tính dựa trên mô hình
Chỉ số đa dạng phát sinh loài (Tài liệu tham khảo 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5003 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00457 (0.00320 - 0.00653), b=2.99 (2.90 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Mức dinh dưỡng (Tài liệu tham khảo 69278) |
3.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies. |
Thích nghi nhanh (Tài liệu tham khảo 120179) |
thấp, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 4.5 - 14 năm (tmax=34 in Aquarium; Fec < 1,000). |
Sự dễ bị tổn thương của nghề đánh cá (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100). 🛈 |
Loại giá (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown.
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Chất dinh dưỡng (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 124 [54, 216] mg/100g; Iron = 1.39 [0.84, 2.25] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [17.1, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.27 [0.11, 0.64] g/100g; Selenium = 76.3 [34.4, 176.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.8 [7.8, 43.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.38 [0.99, 1.92] mg/100g (wet weight); |