Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione
Ecologia
marino demersale; oceano-estuarine (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 475 m (Ref. 6793). Temperate; 61°N - 31°N, 172°W - 116°W
Northeast Pacific: Shumagin Islands in the western Gulf of Alaska to Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Possibly occurring in the Bering Sea (Ref. 6793).
Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età
Maturità: Lm 70.5, range 61 - 76 cm
Max length : 152 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 2850); peso massimo pubblicato: 59.1 kg (Ref. 40637); Età massima riportata: 25 anni (Ref. 55701)
Breve descrizione
Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Spine dorsali (totale) : 24 - 27; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 21 - 24; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 21 - 24; Vertebre: 55 - 59. Anal spines of adults buried in flesh, third spine closely applied to first ray (Ref. 6885). Head without scales; fleshy cirrus above each eye; large mouth; maxilla reaching almost to vertical from posterior margin of eye. Jaws with small pointed teeth interspersed with large fanglike teeth (Ref. 48751).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Ranges from the intertidal to 475 m depth (Ref. 6793). Adults are found near rocks, inshore and to 427 m (Ref. 2850). Young occur on sand or mud bottom of bays and inshore areas (Ref. 2850). Both migratory and non-migratory populations exist (Ref. 6885). Adults feed mostly on other fishes but also take crustaceans, octopi and squid (Ref. 4925). Young feed on copepods and other small crustaceans (Ref. 6885). A very important sport and commercial species (Ref. 2850). The liver is rich in vitamin A (Ref. 6885). Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Has sharp teeth and gill rakers that can cut fingers if handled.
Eggs are deposited in crevices or under rocks (Ref. 6885). Male guards the eggs until they hatch.
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Minaccia per l'uomo
Traumatogenic (Ref. 13513)
Usi umani
Pesca: commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si
Strumenti
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Stime basate su modelli
Indice di diversità filogenetica (Fonte Biblio. 82804) |
PD50 = 1.0020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Livello trofico (Fonte Biblio. 69278) |
4.5 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies. |
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio. 120179) |
Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (tm=4; tmax=25;). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.36, 95% CL = 0.24 - 0.53, Based on 2 full stock assessments. |
Vulnerabilità della pesca (Ref. 59153) |
High vulnerability (56 of 100). 🛈 |
Vulnerabilità climatica (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoria di prezzo (Ref. 80766) |
Low.
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Nutrienti (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 25.5 [9.8, 54.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.351 [0.157, 0.792] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.1, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.589 [0.263, 1.706] g/100g; Selenium = 28.4 [14.8, 68.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.37 [2.88, 31.89] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.289 [0.192, 0.446] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |