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Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Soleidae (Soles)
Etymology: Dicologlossa: Greek, di = two + Greek, kolo = cut + Greek, glossa = tongue (Ref. 45335).
Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser; brackwasser demersal; tiefenbereich 10 - 460 m (Ref. 5304), usually 10 - 150 m (Ref. 31498). Subtropical; 47°N - 35°S, 19°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay and the Mediterranean to the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa.
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm 17.1, range 17 - 19.9 cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 4710); common length : 20.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 26999)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 81 - 90; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 65 - 77; Wirbelzahl: 43 - 45. Brownish grey with small dark spots; pectorals blackish with pale margin (Ref. 3200).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Inhabits mainly sandy or sand-mud bottoms (Ref. 27121). Feeds on a wide range of small bottom-living organisms, mainly crustaceans, polychaete worms, bivalve mollusks, etc. (Ref. 4710). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Minimum depth reported from Ref. 27121.
Desoutter, M., 1990. Soleidae. p. 1037-1049. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 5304)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: kommerziell
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Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00741 (0.00645 - 0.00851), b=3.03 (2.99 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Trophische Ebene (Ref. 69278) |
3.3 ±0.49 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
3.9 (2.6 - 8.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10 growth studies. |
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179) |
hoch, Verdopplung der Population dauert weniger als 15 Monate. (K=0.38-0.47). |
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100). 🛈 |
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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Nährstoffe (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 133 [49, 239] mg/100g; Iron = 1.1 [0.5, 2.1] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [17.2, 22.0] %; Omega3 = 0.136 [0.071, 0.264] g/100g; Selenium = 32.4 [16.4, 65.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.9 [4.7, 36.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.94 [0.62, 1.37] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |