Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt, 1772)
Danube bleak
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Alburnus chalcoides
图片提供人 Naseka, A.M.
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图片提供人 Naseka, A.M.
分类 / 名称 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Leuciscinae
Etymology: Alburnus: From the city of Al Bura, where the fish was known (Ref. 45335).
Etymology: Alburnus: From the city of Al Bura, where the fish was known (Ref. 45335).
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围 生态学
分布 领土 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 分布图 | 简介 | Faunafri
Europe and Asia: Caspian (mostly western to southern coast, rarely found in Ural and Volga). Populations from Aral Sea basin might belong to this species (Ref. 59043). Reported from the Black Sea basin (Ref. 58342).
歐洲: 奧地利到哈薩克。 分枝縮小的, 強制保育.(參考文獻 4537) 廣泛地在黑海 ,里海的河流域與鹹海中傳佈。 (參考文獻 33550) 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
歐洲: 奧地利到哈薩克。 分枝縮小的, 強制保育.(參考文獻 4537) 廣泛地在黑海 ,里海的河流域與鹹海中傳佈。 (參考文獻 33550) 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 556); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1441); common length :28 cm TL (female)
Max length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 556); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1441); common length :28 cm TL (female)
简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
脊椎骨: 42 - 45. Diagnosed from its congeners in Caspian and Black Sea basin by having the following characters: anal fin origin about 1½ -2½ scales behind last branched dorsal ray; lateral line with 54-65 + 4-5 scales; anal fin rays with 13-15½ branched rays; 18-23 gill rakers; ventral keel exposed for 8-12 scales in front of anus (up to almost 80% of distance between anus and pelvic base); head length 20-24% SL; predorsal length 52-56% SL; caudal peduncle depth 1.9-2.4 times in its length; nuptial males with few, large tubercles; lacking dark midlateral stripe. Morphology is variable which has been considered to be an adaptation to different habitats, but data suggest that this is probably due to several species being confused under this species (Ref. 59043).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Inhabit lower reaches of rives, coastal lakes, estuaries, and brackish areas of sea. Occur close to surface and tolerate salinities up to 14 ppt. Adults predominantly prey on planktonic crustaceans, terrestrial insects and small fish while larvae and young juveniles feed on zooplankton, algae and insect larvae. Spawn in small rivers or streams with heavy current on gravel bottom. Landlocked populations found in reservoirs spawn in reservoir tributaries (Ref. 59043). Eastern populations migrate upstream for spawning (Ref. 13696). Males assemble and wait at the spawning grounds for ripe females, which arrive later. Deposit sticky eggs which adhere on pebbles or stones. Embryonic development lasts 2-3 days, with larvae first staying among gravel for 8-11 days, then actively migrating to shallows and backwaters. Adults migrate back to sea, lakes or estuaries soon after spawning to forage. Young juvenile undertake downriver migration in autumn of same year or next spring. Due to dam constructions, almost all long-distance migrating populations lost as they were unable to reach spawning sites. Survive in small water courses and as landlocked populations in some reservoirs. Populations are expected to decline and to further decline due to expanding hydroelectric development and strong ecological impacts on Caspian sea (Ref. 59043).
吃浮游生物与昆虫, 较少在小型底栖的动物上。 东方族群向上游移动进行产卵。
吃浮游生物与昆虫, 较少在小型底栖的动物上。 东方族群向上游移动进行产卵。
生命周期和交配行为 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Males assemble and wait at the spawning grounds for ripe females, which arrive later. Deposit sticky eggs which adhere on pebbles or stones. Embryonic development lasts 2-3 days, with larvae first staying among gravel for 8-11 days, then actively migrating to shallows and backwaters. Adults migrate back to sea, lakes or estuaries soon after spawning to forage. Young juvenile undertake downriver migration in autumn of same year or next spring (Ref. 59043).歐洲: 奧地利到哈薩克。 分枝縮小的, 強制保育.(參考文獻 4537) 廣泛地在黑海 ,里海的河流域與鹹海中傳佈。 (參考文獻 33550) 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
主要参考文献
上传您的参考资料 | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
CITES
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
无害处的
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性
FAO - 渔业: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource |
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基于模型的估算
|
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00617 (0.00518 - 0.00733), b=3.12 (3.09 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
|
营养阶层 (参考文献 69278) |
3.4 ±0.41 se; based on food items. |
|
回复力 (参考文献 120179) |
中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2-5; tmax=9; K=0.10). |
|
渔业脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
High vulnerability (63 of 100). 🛈 |
|
价格分类 (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown. |