Elasmobranchii (hajar och rockor) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Raja: Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall ? - 100 m (Ref. 4426). Temperate; 55°N - 24°N, 16°W - 1°W
Northeast Atlantic, from the British Isles southwards to Gibraltar and north-western Africa (Western Sahara and Mauritania).
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 74.0, range 73 - ? cm
Max length : 87.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 6014); publicerad maxvikt: 4.5 kg (Ref. 4699)
Kort beskrivning
Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0. Eyes conspicuously small; dorsal fins close-set, no thorns between; upper surface predominantly spinulose, underside almost smooth in young, but head and centre of disc prickly in larger specimens; orbital thorns separate, a regular row of about 50 thorns from nape to first dorsal fin; upper surface greyish, olive to light brown with light blotches and long bands, underside white (Ref. 3167).
Body shape (shape guide): other; Cross section: flattened.
Found on sandy bottoms, from inshore waters to about 100 m in tidal areas (Ref. 3167). Feed on fishes (Ref. 3167). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 6.6-10.0 cm long and 4.1-6.3 cm wide (Ref. 41250). About 54-61 eggs are laid by an individual in a year (Ref. 41250).
Oviparous (Ref. 3167). Paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00479 (0.00302 - 0.00758), b=3.30 (3.17 - 3.43), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
3.9 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies. |
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (Fec= 54-61). |
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100). 🛈 |
Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref. 125649) |
Very high vulnerability (88 of 100). 🛈 |
Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Näringsämnen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 6.33 [0.91, 111.73] mg/100g; Iron = 0.25 [0.02, 2.91] mg/100g; Protein = 17 [14, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.847 [0.342, 2.086] g/100g; Selenium = 10.4 [2.2, 54.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.1 [0.5, 70.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.354 [0.024, 3.858] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |