分類 / 名稱
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Rhinopristiformes (Shovelnose rays)
鰩目 (Shovelnose rays) >
Rhinobatidae (Guitarfishes)
琵琶鱝科 (Guitarfishes)
環境: 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 75 - ? m (Ref. 114953). 亞熱帶的; 17°S - 36°S, 10°E - 34°E (Ref. 114953)
Southeast Atlantic to West Indian Ocean: Angola to South Africa and southern Mozambique.
東南大西洋: 那米比亞到南非納塔爾中部。 來自馬達加斯加的記錄不確定。 (參考文獻 3919)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 140 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3919)
Found from the surf line to about 70 m depth (Ref. 5578), also reported as common in shallow waters to at least 75 m depth (Ref. 114953); also enters estuaries (Ref. 27121). Feeds on crustaceans, bivalves, polychaete worms and small bony fishes (Ref. 5578). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Males mature at ca. 59 cm TL, females at 62-65 cm TL; born at ca. 23 cm TL. Produces litters of 2-10 pups (Ref. 114953). Taken by surf anglers (Ref. 3919). Flesh highly esteemed (Ref. 3919). It is parasitised by the monogeneans Pseudoleptobothrium christisoni on the dorsal skin surface (Ref. 124055) and Neoheterocotyle robii on the gill lamellae (Ref. 124054).
從碎浪區到大約 70 公尺深發現了;(參考文獻 5578) 也進入河口。 (參考文獻 27121) 吃甲殼動物,二枚貝,多毛類的蠕蟲與小的硬骨魚類。 (參考文獻 5578) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 採自了海邊垂釣者。 (參考文獻 3919) 肉深受喜愛的。 (參考文獻 3919)
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). 2-10 young born in the summer (Ref. 5578).東南大西洋: 那米比亞到南非納塔爾中部。 來自馬達加斯加的記錄不確定。 (參考文獻 3919)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1986. Rhinobatidae. p. 128-131. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3919)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
易受傷害 (VU) (A2bcd); Date assessed: 01 August 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
基於模型的估計
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00214 (0.00124 - 0.00367), b=3.06 (2.91 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
營養階層 (參考文獻 69278) |
3.5 ±0.51 se; based on food items. |
回復力 (參考文獻 120179) |
非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Fec=2). |
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100). 🛈 |
價格種類 (Ref. 80766) |
Low.
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