Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied
Ecologie
marien; brak water demersaal; diepte 1 - 80 m (Ref. 3507). Subtropical; 22°S - 35°S
Western Indian Ocean: Natal to the Cape in South Africa.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturiteit: Lm ?, range 53 - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3507); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 34.4 kg (Ref. 40637)
Korte beschrijving
Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 12; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 10; Anale stekels: 3; Anale zachte stralen: 8. Adults with a large fleshy 'nose'.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Inhabits shallow, rocky coastal areas to 80 m depth. Rarely enters estuaries. Feeds on crabs, crayfish, sea urchins and other hard-shelled animals (Ref. 3670). Takes almost any bait (Ref. 3198). Important food fish. Head considered a delicacy in some areas (Ref. 3198). It is parasitised by the monogenean Anoplodiscus cirrusspiralis on the fins and body surface (Ref. 124057).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; sportvis: ja
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Schattingen op basis van modellen
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01549 (0.00854 - 0.02810), b=3.05 (2.90 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278) |
3.6 ±0.40 se; based on food items. |
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179) |
Zeer laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd meer dan 14 jaar (K=0.05; tmax=45). |
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100). 🛈 |
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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Voedingsstoffen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 35.5 [18.7, 71.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.796 [0.436, 1.497] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [18.9, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.312 [0.189, 0.521] g/100g; Selenium = 32.4 [14.4, 64.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.53 [2.05, 23.50] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.739 [0.512, 1.054] mg/100g (wet weight); |