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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Encrasicholina: Greek, egkrasicholos, -os, -on = mixed with spleen.
More on author: Rüppell.
Taxonomic Remarks
Encrasicholina pseudoheteroloba (Hardenberg 1933) is a valid species (Ref. 128293).
Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser; brackwasser riff-verbunden; ozeanodrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 20 - 50 m (Ref. 28016). Tropical; 32°N - 26°S, 30°E - 170°W (Ref. 189)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to northern Madagascar and the Bay of Bengal; southern Japan and northern coast of Australia to the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa.
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm 6.2, range 5 - 6.7 cm
Max length : 12.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 48635); common length : 7.5 cm NG Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 27550); max. veröff. Alter: 1.70 Jahre (Ref. 2178)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 14 - 16. Belly rounded with 4 to 6 sharp needle-like pre-pelvic scutes. Maxilla tip pointed, projecting beyond second supra-maxilla and reaching to sub-operculum. Isthmus short, preceded by a small bony plate on urohyal between branchial membranes. Unbranched dorsal and anal fin rays only. Anal fin short. In life, a distinct blue upper edge to its lateral stripe and a dull silver or grey band on flank, the back beige.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: circular.
A schooling species found inshore, but also inhabits deep bays under oceanic influence. Rarely enter mangrove waters (Ref. 43081). Probably feed mainly on planktonic crustaceans (e.g., copepods, Ref. 8591). Eggs are oval, without a knob at one end. Eggs occur intermittently in the lower reaches of mangrove waters (Ref. 43081). Utilized mostly for bait, but also for human consumption as dried fish or fermented sauce (Ref. 9987).
Hata, H. and H. Motomura, 2016. Validity of Encrasicholina pseudoheteroloba (Hardenberg 1933) and redescription of Encrasicholina heteroloba (Rüppell 1837), a senior synonym of Encrasicholina devisi (Whitley 1940) (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research 64(1):18-28. (Ref. 128293)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: weniger kommerziell; Köder: usually
Tools
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Internet Quellen
Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00562 (0.00482 - 0.00656), b=3.15 (3.11 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Trophische Ebene (Ref. 69278) |
3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies. |
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179) |
hoch, Verdopplung der Population dauert weniger als 15 Monate. (K=0.80-4.09; tm=0.36-0.98). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.37, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.56, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment. |
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (10 of 100). 🛈 |
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Nährstoffe (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 192 [48, 627] mg/100g; Iron = 1.52 [0.53, 3.89] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [16.9, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.205 [0.082, 0.508] g/100g; Selenium = 66.7 [20.9, 229.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.9 [5.5, 148.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.7 [0.9, 4.1] mg/100g (wet weight); |