Élasmobranches (requins et raies) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Not an eponym but a toponym; from the type locality – Lobos de Afuera Island, Peru. (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Hildebrand.
Environnement : milieu / zone climatique / profondeur / gamme de distribution
Écologie
marin démersal. Tropical
Southeast Pacific: off Peru.
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturité: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).
Cycle de vie et comportement reproducteur
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Outils
Articles particuliers
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Sources Internet
Estimations basées sur des modèles
Indice de diversité phylogénétique (Réf. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00851 (0.00397 - 0.01825), b=3.08 (2.88 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Niveau trophique (Réf. 69278) |
3.8 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
Résilience (Réf. 120179) |
Très faible, temps minimum de doublement de population supérieur à 14 ans (Fec assumed to be <10). |
Vulnérabilité de la pêche (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100). 🛈 |