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Teleostei > Mulliformes (Goatfishes) 鱸形目 (Goatfishes) > Mullidae (Goatfishes) 鬚鯛科 (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Parupeneus:Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river. More on authors: Quoy & Gaimard.
Pacific Ocean: Christmas Island in the eastern Indian Ocean to the Hawaiian, Line, Marquesan, and Tuamoto islands, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe and Rapa Islands. 太平洋: 東印度洋的聖誕島到夏威夷群島，列島群島，馬貴斯群島與 Tuamoto 島, 北至日本南部, 南至羅得豪島與拉帕群島。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm11.0, range 14 - ? cm Max length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 48636); 17.9 cm SL (female); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9947); 最大體重: 453.00 g (Ref. 4887)
背棘 (總數) : 8; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9; 臀棘: 1; 臀鰭軟條: 7. Diagnosis: Pectoral rays 16 (rarely 15 or 17). Gill rakers 7-10 + 28-33 (total 36-41). Body depth 3.1-3.65 in SL; head length (HL) 2.8-3.1 in SL; dorsal profile of snout straight to slightly concave, the length 1.65-1.95 in HL; barbels long, their length 1.0-1.3 in HL; longest dorsal spine 1.5-1.75 in HL; last dorsal soft ray notably longer than penultimate ray, the latter contained 1.15-1.45 in length of the former; posterior margin of caudal-fin lobes convex; pectoral-fin length 1.35-1.55 in HL; pelvic-fin length 1.25-1.45 in HL. Body gray to red, the margins of the scales often yellow, with a broad black bar on caudal peduncle and one beneath anterior part of second dorsal fin, the area between bars paler than rest of body (sometimes white); a narrow dusky bar often present below interdorsal space, and one or two broad dark bars may be present anteriorly on side of body; head usually with a dark brown band from above upper lip through eye to upper end of gill opening; caudal fin yellowish to pink with narrow blue lengthwise bands; basal half of second dorsal fin of adults dusky anteriorly, black posteriorly, the outer half with narrow dark-edged blue and yellow bands; anal fin like outer part of second dorsal fin (Ref. 54393). Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval. 在身體的後面的部份上的黑色間斷條紋眼睛後面與大的黑色而灰白的斑紋, 形成一個略微條紋.(參考文獻 48636)
This occasionally schooling species occurs over sand patches as well as rubble, consolidated limestone, or coral bottoms from reef flats and shallow lagoons (Ref. 1602). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feeds primarily on small crabs and shrimps during the day (Ref. 1602), also demersal fish eggs, mollusks, and foraminiferans (Ref. 37816). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
Randall, J.E., 2004. Revision of the goatfish genus Parupeneus (Perciformes: Mullidae), with descriptions of two new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (36):64 p. (Ref. 54393)
